挨
See also: 捱
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Translingual
[edit]Han character
[edit]挨 (Kangxi radical 64, 手+7, 10 strokes, cangjie input 手戈人大 (QIOK), four-corner 53034, composition ⿰扌矣)
Derived characters
[edit]References
[edit]- Kangxi Dictionary: page 431, character 18
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 12082
- Dae Jaweon: page 780, character 25
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 1888, character 5
- Unihan data for U+6328
Chinese
[edit]Glyph origin
[edit]Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *qlɯːʔ, *qrɯː, *qrɯːʔ) : semantic 扌 + phonetic 矣 (OC *ɢlɯʔ).
Pronunciation 1
[edit]| trad. | 挨 | |
|---|---|---|
| simp. # | 挨 | |
| alternative forms | A (e) Taiwanese Hokkien | |
- Mandarin
- (Standard)
- (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): ngai1
- Cantonese (Jyutping): aai1 / oi2
- Hakka (Sixian, PFS): âi
- Eastern Min (BUC): ă̤ / ăi
- Southern Min
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 1a; 1e
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄞ
- Tongyong Pinyin: ai
- Wade–Giles: ai1
- Yale: āi
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: ai
- Palladius: ай (aj)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ˀaɪ̯⁵⁵/
- (Chengdu)
- Sichuanese Pinyin: ngai1
- Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: ngai
- Sinological IPA (key): /ŋai⁵⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: aai1 / oi2
- Yale: āai / ói
- Cantonese Pinyin: aai1 / oi2
- Guangdong Romanization: ai1 / oi2
- Sinological IPA (key): /aːi̯⁵⁵/, /ɔːi̯³⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
Note: The zero initial /∅-/ is commonly pronounced with a ng-initial /ŋ-/ in some varieties of Cantonese, including Hong Kong Cantonese.
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: âi
- Hakka Romanization System: aiˊ
- Hagfa Pinyim: ai1
- Sinological IPA: /ai̯²⁴/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: ă̤ / ăi
- Sinological IPA (key): /ɛ⁵⁵/, /ai⁵⁵/
- (Fuzhou)
Note:
- ă̤ - vernacular;
- ăi - literary.
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Taipei, Lukang, Kinmen, Magong, Hsinchu)
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou, Kaohsiung, Tainan, Taichung, Yilan)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: e
- Tâi-lô: e
- Phofsit Daibuun: ef
- IPA (Zhangzhou, Kaohsiung, Tainan, Yilan): /e⁴⁴/
- (Hokkien: Sanxia)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ere
- Tâi-lô: ere
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
Note:
- oe/e/ere - vernacular;
- ai - literary.
- (Teochew)
- Peng'im: oi1 / ai1
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: oi / ai
- Sinological IPA (key): /oi³³/, /ai³³/
Note:
- oi1 - vernacular;
- ai1 - literary.
Note:
- 1a - vernacular;
- 1e - literary.
- Middle Chinese: 'eajX, 'ojX
- Old Chinese
- (Zhengzhang): /*qlɯːʔ/, /*qrɯː/, /*qrɯːʔ/
Definitions
[edit]挨
- to hit from behind; to hit the back
- to get close to; to be next to
- to depend on; to rely on
- to crowd; to push and squeeze
- to follow in sequence; to be someone's turn; to go one by one
- (dialectal Mandarin) at
- (Cantonese) to lean on
- (Hokkien, Teochew) to grind
- (Hokkien, Hakka) to play (a stringed instrument)
- (Fuqing Eastern Min) to push
Synonyms
[edit]- (to get close to):
- (at):
- (to play):
- (to push):
Compounds
[edit]Pronunciation 2
[edit]| trad. | 挨/捱 | |
|---|---|---|
| simp. | 挨 | |
| alternative forms | 捱 | |
- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): ngaai4
- Hakka (Sixian, PFS): ngai
- Eastern Min (BUC): ă̤
- Southern Min (Teochew, Peng'im): ngai5
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 1e
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, Mainland)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄞˊ
- Tongyong Pinyin: ái
- Wade–Giles: ai2
- Yale: ái
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: air
- Palladius: ай (aj)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ˀaɪ̯³⁵/
- (Standard Chinese, Taiwan)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄞ
- Tongyong Pinyin: ai
- Wade–Giles: ai1
- Yale: āi
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: ai
- Palladius: ай (aj)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ˀaɪ̯⁵⁵/
- (Standard Chinese, Mainland)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: ngaai4
- Yale: ngàaih
- Cantonese Pinyin: ngaai4
- Guangdong Romanization: ngai4
- Sinological IPA (key): /ŋaːi̯²¹/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: ngai
- Hakka Romanization System: ngai
- Hagfa Pinyim: ngai4
- Sinological IPA: /ŋai̯⁵⁵/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: ă̤
- Sinological IPA (key): /ɛ⁵⁵/
- (Fuzhou)
- Southern Min
- (Teochew)
- Peng'im: ngai5
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: ngâi
- Sinological IPA (key): /ŋai⁵⁵/
- (Teochew)
- Wu
Definitions
[edit]挨
- to suffer; to endure; to put up with
- to drag out; to delay; to stall
- to struggle to pull through; to wait (for a long time)
- to drag on; to scrabble for a living
Synonyms
[edit]- (to suffer):
- (to delay):
- 展緩 / 展缓 (zhǎnhuǎn)
- 延宕 (yándàng) (literary)
- 延延 (Hokkien)
- 延後 / 延后 (yánhòu)
- 延期 (yánqī)
- 延緩 / 延缓 (yánhuǎn)
- 延誤 / 延误 (yánwù)
- 延遲 / 延迟 (yánchí)
- 拖 (tuō)
- 拖宕 (tuōdàng)
- 拖延 (tuōyán)
- 拖拉 (tuōlā)
- 拖磨 (tuōmó) (literary)
- 拖逗 (tuōdòu) (literary)
- 挨延 (Hokkien)
- 挨稽 (Hokkien)
- 挨臺 / 挨台 (ngai2 tai2) (Sichuanese)
- 推宕 (tuīdàng) (literary)
- 捱延 (Hokkien)
- 推延 (tuīyán)
- 捱稽 (Hokkien)
- 推遲 / 推迟 (tuīchí)
- 暫緩 / 暂缓 (zànhuǎn)
- 稽延 (jīyán) (literary)
- 緩 / 缓 (huǎn)
- 耗 (regional)
- 耽延 (dānyán)
- 耽擱 / 耽搁
- 耽誤 / 耽误
- 貽誤 / 贻误 (yíwù)
- 遷延 / 迁延 (qiānyán) (literary)
- 遲延 / 迟延 (chíyán)
- 遲滯 / 迟滞 (chízhì)
- 遲誤 / 迟误 (chíwù) (formal)
- 順延 / 顺延 (shùnyán)
Antonyms
[edit]- (antonym(s) of “to delay”):
Compounds
[edit]See also
[edit]- 捱 (ái)
References
[edit]- “挨”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
Japanese
[edit]Kanji
[edit]挨
- push open
Readings
[edit]Korean
[edit]Hanja
[edit]挨 • (ae) (hangeul 애, McCune–Reischauer ae, Yale ay)
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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Vietnamese
[edit]Han character
[edit]- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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