岡

See also: 𫝍 and 冈

岡 U+5CA1, 岡 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5CA1 ← 岠 [U+5CA0] CJK Unified Ideographs 岢 → [U+5CA2]

Translingual

Han character

岡 (Kangxi radical 46, 山+5, 8 strokes, cangjie input 月廿山 (BTU), four-corner 7722₀, composition ⿵𦉰山)

Derived characters

• 𰂒, 堈, 㟠, 𢜟, 掆(㧏), 𣷣, 棡(㭎), 焵, 犅, 碙, 罁, 綱(纲), 鋼(钢), 剛(刚), 崗(岗)

Related characters

• 冈 (Simplified Chinese)

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 308, character 39
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 7962
• Dae Jaweon: page 608, character 25
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 100, character 14
• Unihan data for U+5CA1

Chinese

trad.		岡
simp.		冈*
alternative forms		崗／岗

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (岡) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
岡	*klaːŋ
崗	*klaːŋ
剛	*klaːŋ
掆	*klaːŋ, *klaːŋs
鋼	*klaːŋ, *klaːŋs
綱	*klaːŋ
犅	*klaːŋ
堈	*klaːŋ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *klaːŋ) : phonetic 网 (OC *mlaŋʔ) + semantic 山 (“mountain”).

Etymology

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-gaŋ (“hill, ridge, mountain”) (STEDT, Schuessler, 2007), cognate with Tibetan སྒང (sgang, “ridge; mound”), Burmese ခင် (hkang, “ridge”), Burmese အခေါင် (a.hkaung, “summit”), Lahu qhɔ³³ (“mountain”), Puroik gɹaŋ³³ (“mountain”), Proto-Tamangic *ᴬgaŋ ("hill, mountain").

STEDT also proposes cognacy with 京 (OC *kraŋ, “artificial mound, capital”) and 鯨 (OC *ɡraŋ, “whale”).

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): gāng, gǎng (gang¹, gang³)

  (Zhuyin): ㄍㄤ, ㄍㄤˇ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): gong¹
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): kông
• Eastern Min (BUC): gŏng
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): kong / kang

  (Teochew, Peng'im): gang¹ / geng¹

• Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ¹kaon

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: gāng
    • Zhuyin: ㄍㄤ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: gang
    • Wade–Giles: kang¹
    • Yale: gāng
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: gang
    • Palladius: ган (gan)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kɑŋ⁵⁵/
      
  • (Standard Chinese, variant in Taiwan)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: gǎng
    • Zhuyin: ㄍㄤˇ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: gǎng
    • Wade–Giles: kang³
    • Yale: gǎng
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: gaang
    • Palladius: ган (gan)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kɑŋ²¹⁴/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: gong¹
    • Yale: gōng
    • Cantonese Pinyin: gong¹
    • Guangdong Romanization: gong¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kɔːŋ⁵⁵/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kông
    • Hakka Romanization System: gong^ˊ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: gong¹
    • Sinological IPA: /koŋ²⁴/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: gŏng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kouŋ⁵⁵/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kong
    • Tâi-lô: kong
    • Phofsit Daibuun: kofng
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /kɔŋ³³/
    • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /kɔŋ⁴⁴/
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kang
    • Tâi-lô: kang
    • Phofsit Daibuun: kafng
    • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /kaŋ⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /kaŋ³³/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: gang¹ / geng¹
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kang / kṳng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kaŋ³³/, /kɯŋ³³/

Note: geng1 - used in 黃岡.

• Wu
  • (Northern: Shanghai)
    • Wugniu: ¹kaon
    • MiniDict: kaon^平
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ¹kaan
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /kɑ̃⁵³/

---

• Middle Chinese: kang

Rime
Character	岡
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	見 (28)
Final (韻)	唐 (101)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	古郎切
Baxter	kang
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kɑŋ/
Pan Wuyun	/kɑŋ/
Shao Rongfen	/kɑŋ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kaŋ/
Li Rong	/kɑŋ/
Wang Li	/kɑŋ/
Bernhard Karlgren	/kɑŋ/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	gāng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	gong1

• Old Chinese

  (Zhengzhang): /*klaːŋ/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	岡
Reading #	1/1
No.	3711
Phonetic component	岡
Rime group	陽
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	岡
Old Chinese	/*klaːŋ/
Notes	說文從山網聲

Definitions

岡

1. ridge or crest of a mountain
2. mountain; hill

Compounds

• 奧勒岡州 / 奥勒冈州
• 山岡 / 山冈 (shāngāng)
• 岡岑 / 冈岑
• 岡巒 / 冈峦 (gāngluán)
• 岡比亞 / 冈比亚 (Gāngbǐyà)
• 岡渡拉 / 冈渡拉
• 岡連嶺屬 / 冈连岭属
• 岡陵 / 冈陵 (gānglíng)
• 崑岡 / 昆冈 (Kūngāng)
• 梵蒂岡 / 梵蒂冈 (Fàndìgāng)
• 瀧岡 / 泷冈
• 臥龍岡 / 卧龙冈
• 雲岡 / 云冈 (Yúngāng)
• 雲岡石窟 / 云冈石窟
• 靜岡 / 静冈 (Jìnggāng)
• 高岡 / 高冈 (gāogāng)
• 高岡兒 / 高冈儿
• 鶴岡 / 鹤冈 (Hègāng)
• 黃岡 / 黄冈 (Huánggāng)
• 黃花岡 / 黄花冈

 

References

• “岡”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

Japanese

Kanji

岡

(Fourth grade kyōiku kanji)

1. hill

Readings

• Go-on: こう (kō)^{←かう (kau, historical)}
• Kan-on: こう (kō)^{←かう (kau, historical)}
• Kun: おか (oka, 岡, Jōyō ^†)^{←をか (woka, 岡, historical)}

Etymology

Kanji in this term
岡
おか Grade: 4
kun'yomi

For pronunciation and definitions of 岡 – see the following entry.

【おか】 [noun] hill [proper noun] a surname [noun] [from 1310] land, ground (as opposed to the sea or other bodies of water) [noun] [from 1708] the bathing area next to an お風呂 (ofuro, “traditional Japanese soaking tub”), often raised relative to the tub basin [noun] [from 1873] the raised portion of a 硯 (suzuri, “inkstone”) where one grinds the stick of India ink (as opposed to the 池 (ike, literally “pond”) or 海 (umi, literally “sea”), the small depressed basin area where one pours in the water) Alternative spellings 丘, 陸

(This term, 岡, is an alternative spelling (only in proper nouns) of the above term.)

Korean

Alternative forms

• 崗

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 岡 (MC kang). Recorded as Middle Korean 崗/가ᇰ (kang) (Yale: kang) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

Hanja

Wikisource

岡 (eumhun 산등성이 강 (sandeungseong'i gang))

1. hanja form^? of 강 (“hill”)

References

• 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [2]
• Supreme Court of the Republic of Korea (대한민국 대법원, Daehanmin'guk Daebeobwon) (2018). Table of hanja for personal names (인명용 한자표 / 人名用漢字表, Inmyeong-yong hanja-pyo), page 1. [3]

Vietnamese

Han character

岡: Hán Nôm readings: cương

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