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國家

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary

Chinese

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country; state; nation
home; family; ‑ist
home; family; ‑ist; ‑er; ‑ian; measure word for stores and schools
 
trad. (國家) 國 家
simp. (国家) 国 家
anagram 家國／家国

Etymology

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In ancient China, the fief of a 諸侯／诸侯 (zhūhóu) was known as a 國／国 (guó), while the fief of a 大夫 (dàfū) was known as a 家 (jiā). The two characters are also attestable in pre-Qin texts when used together with the meaning of "country; nation; state".

Pronunciation

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Rime
Character 國 家
Reading # 1/1 1/1
Initial (聲) 見 (28) 見 (28)
Final (韻) 德 (132) 麻 (98)
Tone (調) Checked (Ø) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Closed Open
Division (等) I II
Fanqie 古或切 古牙切
Baxter kwok kae
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/kwək̚/ /kˠa/
Pan
Wuyun 		/kʷək̚/ /kᵚa/
Shao
Rongfen 		/kuək̚/ /ka/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/kwək̚/ /kaɨ/
Li
Rong 		/kuək̚/ /ka/
Wang
Li 		/kuək̚/ /ka/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/kwək̚/ /ka/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		guo jiā
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		gwak1 gaa1
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 國 家
Reading # 1/1 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		guó jiā
Middle
Chinese 		‹ kwok › ‹ kæ ›
Old
Chinese 		/*[C.q]ʷˁək/ /*kˁra/
English state (n.) household

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 國 家
Reading # 1/1 1/1
No. 5547 5919
Phonetic
component 		或 家
Rime
group 		職 魚
Rime
subdivision 		0 0
Corresponding
MC rime 		國 嘉
Old
Chinese 		/*kʷɯːɡ/ /*kraː/

Noun

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國家

  1. country; nation; (nation-)state (Classifier: 個／个)
    英語國家／英语国家  ―  yīngyǔ guójiā  ―  English-speaking country
    內陸國家／内陆国家  ―  nèilù guójiā  ―  landlocked country
    單一制國家／单一制国家  ―  dānyīzhì guójiā  ―  unitary state
    海洋國家／海洋国家  ―  hǎiyáng guójiā  ―  maritime state
    治理國家／治理国家  ―  zhìlǐ guójiā  ―  to govern a country
    報效國家／报效国家  ―  bàoxiào guójiā  ―  to serve one's country
    國家稅務總局／国家税务总局  ―  guójiā shuìwù zǒngjú  ―  the State Administration of Taxation (of the People's Republic of China)
    捍衛國家主權／捍卫国家主权  ―  hànwèi guójiā zhǔquán  ―  to uphold national sovereignty
    損害國家利益／损害国家利益  ―  sǔnhài guójiā lìyì  ―  to harm the national interest
    窒息國家的活力／窒息国家的活力  ―  zhìxī guójiā de huólì  ―  to stifle the vitality of the country
    國家社會科學基金 [MSC, trad.]
    国家社会科学基金 [MSC, simp.]
    guójiā shèhuì kēxué jījīn [Pinyin]
    The National Social Science Fund of China
    允許女性墮胎的國家 [MSC, trad.]
    允许女性堕胎的国家 [MSC, simp.]
    yǔnxǔ nǚxìng duòtāi de guójiā [Pinyin]
    countries that allow women to abort
    我們這個國家真是多災多難。 [MSC, trad.]
    我们这个国家真是多灾多难。 [MSC, simp.]
    Wǒmen zhège guójiā zhēnshì duōzāiduōnàn. [Pinyin]
    Our country is really troubled.
    知識分子是國家的寶貴財富。 [MSC, trad.]
    知识分子是国家的宝贵财富。 [MSC, simp.]
    Zhīshifènzǐ shì guójiā de bǎoguì cáifù. [Pinyin]
    Educated people are valuable assets to the country.
  2. (Classical) royal court; imperial court; imperial household; imperial government
  3. (Classical) emperor
  4. (Classical) city or town enfeoffed to a vassal lord
  5. (Classical) capital city (of a country)

Synonyms

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  • (country):
  • (royal court):
  • (emperor):
  • (capital city):

Derived terms

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Descendants

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Sino-Xenic (國家):

Others:

References

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Japanese

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Kanji in this term
國 家
こく > こっ
Jinmeiyō 		か
Grade: 2
kan'on
For pronunciation and definitions of 國家 – see the following entry.
【国家こっか】
[noun] nation; state
(This term, 國家, is the kyūjitai of the above term.)

Korean

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Hanja in this term
國家

Noun

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國家 • (gukga) (hangeul 국가)

  1. hanja form? of 국가 (“nation, country, state, polity”)

Vietnamese

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chữ Hán Nôm in this term
國家

Noun

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國家

  1. chữ Hán form of quốc gia (“nation, state”).
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