叱
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Translingual
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]Note that the right side component of this character (U+53F1) is written 𠤎 and not 匕. In Japan, as of the latest 2010 reform the correct form of the character is 𠮟 (U+20B9F) with 七 as the right side component.
Han character
[edit]叱 (Kangxi radical 30, 口+2, 5 strokes, cangjie input 口心 (RP), four-corner 64010, composition ⿰口𠤎)
References
[edit]- Kangxi Dictionary: page 173, character 2
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 3248
- Dae Jaweon: page 384, character 2
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 572, character 6
- Unihan data for U+53F1
Chinese
[edit]| simp. and trad. |
叱 | |
|---|---|---|
| alternative forms | 咜 𠮟 | |
Glyph origin
[edit]| Historical forms of the character 叱 |
|---|
| Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) |
| Small seal script |
|
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *n̥ʰjid) : semantic 口 (“mouth”) + phonetic 七 (OC *sn̥ʰid).
Pronunciation
[edit]- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): cik1
- Southern Min (Teochew, Peng'im): cêg4 / duah4
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 7tsheq
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄔˋ
- Tongyong Pinyin: chìh
- Wade–Giles: chʻih4
- Yale: chr̀
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chyh
- Palladius: чи (či)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ʈ͡ʂʰʐ̩⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: cik1
- Yale: chīk
- Cantonese Pinyin: tsik7
- Guangdong Romanization: qig1
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sʰɪk̚⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Southern Min
- (Teochew)
- Peng'im: cêg4 / duah4
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tshek / tuah
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sʰek̚²/, /tuaʔ²/
- (Teochew)
- Wu
- Middle Chinese: tsyhit
- Old Chinese
- (Zhengzhang): /*n̥ʰjid/
Definitions
[edit]叱
Synonyms
[edit]Compounds
[edit]Japanese
[edit]Kanji
[edit]- to open the mouth
Readings
[edit]Kanji
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]- (prescriptively correct) 𠮟
Readings
[edit]Compounds
[edit]Etymology
[edit]| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 叱 |
| しっ Hyōgai (ateji) |
| kun'yomi |
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Pronunciation
[edit]Interjection
[edit]Korean
[edit]Hanja
[edit]叱 (eumhun 꾸짖을 질 (kkujijeul jil))
Compounds
[edit]Old Korean
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Conventionally reconstructed as *-s, after the Middle Korean reflexes.
Etymology 1
[edit]Generally thought to be from an otherwise unattested Old Chinese dialectal pronunciation of the character that began with *s-.
Minority views include that it is a graphic simplification of a different Chinese character, or that it is a gukja invented in Korea with 𠤎 representing the shape of the tongue while pronouncing /s/ and 口 being a radical that denotes a non-standard character.
Phonogram
[edit]叱 (*-s)
- A consonantal phonogram denoting coda consonant *-s
Etymology 2
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]- 之 (logographic form, in Idu texts)
Particle
[edit]叱 (*-s)
- Genitive case marker, chiefly for inanimate nouns.
Usage notes
[edit]In Middle Korean, the genitive case marker ㅅ (Yale: -s) was used for both inanimate nouns and honored animate nouns, while the other genitive marker 의〮 (Yale: -úy) was reserved for non-honored animate nouns.
In the limited Old Korean corpus, 叱 (*-s) appears to be used chiefly for inanimate nouns. Meanwhile, many texts use the genitive 尸 (*-lq), with no evident Middle Korean reflex, for honored nouns such as the Buddha. There is a strong argument that 尸 (*-lq) is an allomorphic variant of 叱 (*-s), representing a phenomenon ancestral to the tensing of the subsequent obstruent that occurred in Middle Korean when ㅅ (-s) occurred between a sonorant and an obstruent. If true, there was no distinction between Old and Middle Korean in the use of the genitive -s.
Unlike the other Old Korean genitive marker 衣 (*-uy), 叱 (*-s) could follow other case markers.
Descendants
[edit]- Middle Korean: ㅅ (-s, genitive case marker for inanimate or honored animate nouns)
- Korean: ㅅ (-s-, interfix)
See also
[edit]- 衣 (*-uy) (genitive case marker, often for animate nouns)
- 尸 (*-lq) (genitive case marker, chiefly for honored animate nouns; possibly an allomorph of 叱)
References
[edit]- 조은주 (Jo Eun-ju) (2002) “석독구결 자료에 나타난 속격조사에 대하여 [Seokdok gugyeol jaryo-e natanan sokgyeok josa-e daehayeo, On the genitive case markers in interpretive gugyeol texts]”, in Gungmunhak Nonjip, volume 18, pages 61–90
- 장윤희 (Jang Yun-hui) (2011) “석독구결의 속격 "시(尸)"의 문제 해결을 위하여 [Seokdok gugyeol 'si'-ui munje haegyeor-eul wihayeo, For a solution to the problem of genitive 尸 in interpretive gugyeol]”, in Gugyeol Yeon'gu, volume 27, pages 117–144
- Nam Pung-hyun (2012) “Old Korean”, in Tranter, Nicolas, editor, The Languages of Japan and Korea, Routledge, →ISBN, pages 41–72
Vietnamese
[edit]Han character
[edit]叱: Hán Nôm readings: sất, sứt, sớt
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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