刣

刣 U+5223, 刣 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5223 ← 刢 [U+5222] CJK Unified Ideographs 判 → [U+5224]

Translingual

Han character

刣 (Kangxi radical 18, 刀+5, 7 strokes, cangjie input 戈口中弓 (IRLN), composition ⿰台刂)

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 138, character 10
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 1922
• Dae Jaweon: page 311, character 11
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 332, character 3
• Unihan data for U+5223

Chinese

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (台) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
胎	*l̥ʰɯː
台	*l̥ʰɯː, *l'ɯː, *l'ɯː, *lɯ
邰	*l̥ʰɯː
鮐	*l̥ʰɯː, *lɯ
孡	*l̥ʰɯː
苔	*l'ɯː
抬	*l'ɯː
駘	*l'ɯː, *l'ɯːʔ
炱	*l'ɯː
菭	*l'ɯː, *l'i
跆	*l'ɯː
殆	*l'ɯːʔ
怠	*l'ɯːʔ
迨	*l'ɯːʔ
紿	*l'ɯːʔ
詒	*l'ɯːʔ, *lɯ
軩	*l'ɯːʔ
咍	*hlɯː
佁	*lɯːʔ, *l̥ʰɯs, *lɯʔ
枲	*slɯʔ
辝	*ljɯ
鈶	*ljɯʔ
笞	*l̥ʰɯ
齝	*l̥ʰɯ, *hljɯ
眙	*l̥ʰɯs, *lɯ
治	*l'ɯ, *l'ɯs, *l'is
始	*hljɯʔ
怡	*lɯ
貽	*lɯ
飴	*lɯ
瓵	*lɯ
珆	*li

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声) : phonetic 台 + semantic 刂 (“knife”).

Etymology 1

simp. and trad.		刣
alternative forms		𠛀

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): zhōng (zhong¹)

  (Zhuyin): ㄓㄨㄥ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): zung¹
• Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): chiong

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: zhōng
    • Zhuyin: ㄓㄨㄥ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: jhong
    • Wade–Giles: chung¹
    • Yale: jūng
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jong
    • Palladius: чжун (čžun)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: zung¹
    • Yale: jūng
    • Cantonese Pinyin: dzung¹
    • Guangdong Romanization: zung¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chiong
    • Tâi-lô: tsiong
    • Phofsit Daibuun: ciofng
    • IPA (Xiamen): /t͡siɔŋ⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡siɔŋ³³/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡siɔŋ⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Taipei): /t͡siɔŋ⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡siɔŋ⁴⁴/

Definitions

刣

1. ^† to pare; to scrape

Etymology 2

simp. and trad.		刣
alternative forms		殺／杀 刏 宰 𠷂 夷 殺／杀 刏 宰 𠷂 夷 治 汰

Often considered a substrate word. Compare (Deng, 1994, Schuessler, 2007):

• Proto-Hmong-Mien *təjH (“to kill”) ~ Proto-Hmong-Mien *dəjH (“to die”)
  • White Hmong tua (“to kill”)
  • White Hmong tuag (“to die”)
• Proto-Austronesian *pa-aCay (“to kill”) ~ Proto-Austronesian *ma-aCay (“to die”)
  • Amis patay (“to die; death”)
  • Cebuano patay (“dead; to kill”)
  • Tagalog patay (“dead; corpse; carcass”); matay (“dying”); katay (“a slaughtering; a killing”); bitay (“hanging (means of execution)”)
• Proto-Tai *p.taːjᴬ (“to die”)
  • Thai ตาย (dtaai, “to die”)

Norman (1979) suggests that this derives from 治 (MC dri, “to regulate; to clean (fish)”) instead. This usage is still used in some Mandarin dialects (usually meaning “to clean (fish)”) and Hakka chhṳ̀ (“to slaughter (livestock)”), often written as 㓾.

Alternatively, some have suggested that 夷 (MC yij, “to be level; to pacify; to kill”) is the original character.

Pronunciation

• Hakka (Meixian, Guangdong): tai²
• Northern Min (KCR): tî
• Eastern Min (BUC): tài
• Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): tai²
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): thâi

  (Teochew, Peng'im): tai⁵

  (Leizhou, Leizhou Pinyin): tai⁵

---

• Hakka
  • (Meixian)
    • Guangdong: tai²
    • Sinological IPA: /tʰaɪ¹¹/
• Northern Min
  • (Jian'ou)
    • Kienning Colloquial Romanized: tî
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰi³³/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: tài
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰai⁵³/
• Puxian Min
  • (Putian, Xianyou)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: tai²
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰai¹³/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Jinjiang, General Taiwanese, Singapore)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: thâi
    • Tâi-lô: thâi
    • Phofsit Daibuun: taai
    • IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou, Jinjiang, Taipei, Singapore): /tʰai²⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /tʰai¹³/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /tʰai²³/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: tai⁵
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: thâi
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰai⁵⁵/
  • (Leizhou)
    • Leizhou Pinyin: tai⁵
    • Sinological IPA: /tʰai²²/

Definitions

刣

1. (Hakka, Min) to slaughter (an animal)

   刣豬／刣猪 [Hokkien]  ―  thâi ti [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]  ―  to slaughter a pig

   刣豬／刣猪 [Eastern Min]  ―  tài-*dṳ̆ / [tʰai⁵³⁻⁵⁵ ty⁵⁵] [Bàng-uâ-cê / IPA]  ―  to slaughter a pig

2. (Fuzhou Eastern Min, Southern Min, Puxian Min) to kill (a person)

   刣死 [Hokkien]  ―  thâi-sí [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]  ―  to kill

   • 人傷我，我刣伊 [Hokkien, trad.]
     人伤我，我刣伊 [Hokkien, simp.]

     From: 巴克禮譯本 (Barclay Amoy Romanized Bible), 創世記 (Genesis) 4:23

     Lâng siong góa, góa thâi i [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]

     for I have slain a man to my wounding

3. (Eastern Min, Southern Min) to cut open

   刣西瓜 [Hokkien]  ―  thâi si-koe [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]  ―  to cut a watermelon

4. (Hokkien) to cut; to gash
5. (Hokkien) to fight a battle; to go to war
6. (Hokkien) to delete; to remove; to cross out
7. (Taiwanese Hokkien) to beat down the price; to haggle

Synonyms

Dialectal synonyms of 宰 (“to slaughter; to butcher”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Classical Chinese		宰, 屠
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		宰殺, 屠宰
Northeastern Mandarin	Beijing	宰, 殺, 治 fish
	Taiwan	宰, 殺
	Singapore	殺
Jilu Mandarin	Jinan	宰, 殺, 治
Central Plains Mandarin	Xi'an	宰, 殺
Southwestern Mandarin	Chengdu	宰, 殺
	Wuhan	宰, 殺, 治 fish
Jianghuai Mandarin	Yangzhou	殺, 宰, 治 fish
	Hefei	殺, 治 fish
Cantonese	Guangzhou	劏, 善 chicken
	Hong Kong	劏
	Hong Kong (San Tin; Weitou)	劏
	Hong Kong (Kam Tin; Weitou)	劏
	Hong Kong (Ting Kok)	劏
	Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau)	劏
	Macau	劏
	Guangzhou (Panyu)	劏
	Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu)	劏
	Guangzhou (Conghua)	劏
	Guangzhou (Zengcheng)	劏
	Foshan	劏
	Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai)	劏
	Foshan (Shunde)	劏
	Foshan (Sanshui)	劏
	Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming)	劏
	Zhongshan (Shiqi)	劏
	Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou)	劏
	Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka)	劏
	Zhuhai (Doumen)	劏
	Jiangmen (Baisha)	劏
	Jiangmen (Xinhui)	劏
	Taishan	劏
	Kaiping (Chikan)	劏
	Enping (Niujiang)	劏
	Heshan (Yayao)	劏
	Dongguan	劏
	Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an)	劏
	Shenzhen (Dapeng)	劏
	Qingyuan	劏
	Fogang	劏
	Yingde (Hanguang)	劏
	Yangshan	劏
	Lianshan (Butian)	劏
	Lianzhou (Qingshui; Sihui)	劏
	Shaoguan	劏
	Shaoguan (Qujiang)	劏
	Renhua	劏
	Lechang	劏
	Zhaoqing (Gaoyao)	劏
	Sihui	劏
	Guangning	劏
	Deqing	劏
	Huaiji	劏
	Fengkai (Nanfeng)	劏
	Yunfu	劏
	Xinxing	劏
	Luoding	劏
	Yunan (Pingtai)	劏
	Yangjiang	劏
	Nanning	劏
	Wuzhou	劏
	Yulin	劏
	Hepu (Lianzhou)	劏
	Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu)	劏
Gan	Nanchang	殺, 治 fish
Hakka	Meixian	治, 刣
	Xingning	治
	Huizhou (Huicheng; Bendihua)	劏, 捋
	Huiyang	劏
	Huidong (Daling)	治
	Dongguan (Qingxi)	劏, 治
	Boluo (Bendihua)	劏, 捋
	Shenzhen (Shatoujiao)	劏
	Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui)	劏
	Wuhua (Shuizhai)	治
	Wuhua (Huacheng)	治, 劏 chicken
	Wuhua (Changbu)	治
	Wuhua (Mianyang)	治
	Heyuan (Bendihua)	捋, 劏
	Longchuan (Tuocheng; Bendihua)	捋, 劏
	Heping (Linzhai; Bendihua)	捋
	Lianping (Longjie; Bendihua)	捋
	Wengyuan	劏
	Shaoguan (Qujiang)	劏, 度
	Liannan	劏
	Guangzhou (Lütian, Conghua)	劏
	Jiexi	治
	Luhe	治
	Zhao'an (Xiuzhuan)	治
	Changting	治
	Wuping	治
	Wuping (Yanqian)	治
	Wuping (Pingyu)	治
	Liancheng	治
	Ninghua	破
	Ningdu	治
	Ruijin	治 pig, 殺 chicken
	Shicheng	殺
	Shangyou (Shexi)	治
	Tonggu (Sandu)	治
	Dayu	破
	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	治
	Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)	治
	Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)	治
	Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)	治
	Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)	治
	Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)	治
	Hong Kong	劏
	Yangxi (Tangkou)	劏
	Yangchun (Sanjia)	劏
	Xinyi (Sihe)	劏
	Xinyi (Qianpai)	劏
	Gaozhou (Xindong)	劏
	Maoming (Shalang, Dianbai)	劏
	Huazhou (Xin'an)	劏
	Lianjiang (Shijiao)	劏
	Lianjiang (Qingping)	劏
	Mengshan (Xihe)	劏
	Luchuan	劏
	Sabah (Longchuan)	劏
	Senai (Huiyang)	劏
	Sungai Tapang, Batu Kawa (Hepo)	劏
	Singkawang	劏
Jin	Taiyuan	宰, 殺
Northern Min	Jian'ou	刣
	Songxi	刣
	Zhenghe	刣
	Jianyang	刣
	Wuyishan	刣
Eastern Min	Fuzhou	刣, 刺
	Fuzhou (Changle)	刣
	Lianjiang	刣
	Fuqing	刣
	Pingtan	刣
	Yongtai	刣
	Minqing	刣
	Gutian	刣
	Pingnan	刣
	Luoyuan	刣
	Fu'an	刣
	Ningde	刣
	Xiapu	刣
	Zherong	刣
	Shouning	刣
	Zhouning	刣
	Fuding	刣
Southern Min	Xiamen	刣
	Xiamen (Tong'an)	刣
	Quanzhou	刣
	Jinjiang	刣
	Nan'an	刣
	Shishi	刣
	Hui'an	刣
	Anxi	刣
	Yongchun	刣
	Dehua	刣
	Zhangzhou	刣
	Zhangzhou (Longhai)	刣
	Zhangzhou (Changtai)	刣
	Hua'an	刣
	Nanjing	刣
	Pinghe	刣
	Zhangpu	刣
	Yunxiao	刣
	Zhao'an	刣
	Dongshan	刣
	Tainan	刣
	Kinmen	刣
	Penang (Hokkien)	刣
	Singapore (Hokkien)	刣
	Manila (Hokkien)	刣
	Longyan	刣
	Zhangping	刣
	Datian	刣
	Chaozhou	刣
	Shantou	刣
	Shantou (Chenghai)	刣
	Jieyang	刣
	Lufeng	刣
	Haifeng	刣
	Bangkok (Teochew)	刣
	Johor Bahru (Teochew)	刣
	Singapore (Teochew)	刣
	Leizhou	刣
	Wenchang	刣
	Haikou	刣
Puxian Min	Putian	刣
	Putian (Donghai, Chengxiang)	刣
	Putian (Jiangkou, Hanjiang)	刣
	Putian (Nanri, Xiuyu)	刣
	Xianyou	刣
	Xianyou (Fengting)	刣
	Xianyou (Youyang)	刣
Central Min	Yong'an	刣
	Sanming (Sanyuan)	刣
	Sanming (Shaxian)	刣
Shehua	Fu'an	戮
	Fuding	戮
	Luoyuan	戮
	Sanming	戮
	Shunchang	戮
	Hua'an	戮
Wu	Shanghai	殺
	Suzhou	殺
	Wenzhou	㷟, 殺
Xiang	Changsha	殺, 宰
	Shuangfeng	殺

Dialectal synonyms of 殺 (“to kill (a person)”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Classical Chinese		殺
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		殺
Northeastern Mandarin	Beijing	殺
	Taiwan	殺
	Malaysia	殺
	Singapore	殺
Jilu Mandarin	Jinan	殺
Jiaoliao Mandarin	Yantai (Muping)	殺
Central Plains Mandarin	Luoyang	殺
	Wanrong	殺
	Xi'an	殺
Lanyin Mandarin	Yinchuan	殺
Southwestern Mandarin	Chengdu	殺
	Wuhan	殺
	Guilin	殺
Jianghuai Mandarin	Nanjing	殺
	Yangzhou	殺
	Hefei	殺
Cantonese	Guangzhou	殺
	Hong Kong	殺
	Yangjiang	殺
	Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu)	殺
	Singapore (Guangfu)	殺
Gan	Nanchang	殺
	Lichuan	殺
Hakka	Meixian	殺
	Yudu	殺
Huizhou	Jixi	殺
Jin	Taiyuan	殺
Northern Min	Jian'ou	殺
Eastern Min	Fuzhou	刣
	Fuqing	殺
Southern Min	Xiamen	刣
	Quanzhou	刣
	Jinjiang	刣
	Yongchun	刣
	Zhangzhou	刣
	Tainan	刣
	Penang (Hokkien)	刣
	Singapore (Hokkien)	刣
	Manila (Hokkien)	刣
	Chaozhou	刣
	Shantou	刣
	Shantou (Chenghai)	刣
	Jieyang	刣
	Lufeng	刣
	Haifeng	刣
	Singapore (Teochew)	刣
	Leizhou	殺
	Wenchang	殺
	Haikou	殺
Wu	Shanghai	殺
	Shanghai (Chongming)	殺
	Suzhou	殺
	Hangzhou	殺
	Wenzhou	殺
	Jinhua	殺
Xiang	Changsha	殺
	Loudi	殺
	Shuangfeng	殺

Compounds

• 了錢生理無人做，刣頭生理有人做 / 了钱生理无人做，刣头生理有人做
• 刣人
• 刣價 / 刣价
• 刣儂放火 / 刣侬放火
• 刣割
• 刣戇大豬 / 刣戆大猪
• 刣木屐
• 刣死
• 刣白
• 刣豬仔 / 刣猪仔
• 刣贏 / 刣赢
• 刣跤
• 刣輸 / 刣输
• 刣雞教猴 / 刣鸡教猴
• 刣雞閹卵 / 刣鸡阉卵
• 刣頭 / 刣头
• 刣頭罪 / 刣头罪
• 好好鱟刣甲屎那流 / 好好鲎刣甲屎那流
• 忍氣求財，激氣相刣 / 忍气求财，激气相刣
• 搖人無才，搖豬無刣 / 摇人无才，摇猪无刣
• 相刣
• 膨風水雞刣無肉 / 膨风水鸡刣无肉

 

Further reading

• “Entry #2946”, in 教育部臺灣台語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwanese Taigi] (overall work in Mandarin and Hokkien), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2024.