飴

See also: 饴

飴 U+98F4, 飴 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-98F4 ← 飳 [U+98F3] CJK Unified Ideographs 飵 → [U+98F5]

Translingual

Han character

飴 (Kangxi radical 184, 食+5, 13 strokes in Chinese, 14 strokes in Japanese and Korean, cangjie input 人戈戈口 (OIIR), four-corner 8376₀, composition ⿰飠台(GJT) or ⿰𩙿台(JK))

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 1418, character 7
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 44080
• Dae Jaweon: page 1942, character 13
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 7, page 4449, character 9
• Unihan data for U+98F4

Chinese

trad.		飴
simp.		饴

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (台) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
胎	*l̥ʰɯː
台	*l̥ʰɯː, *l'ɯː, *l'ɯː, *lɯ
邰	*l̥ʰɯː
鮐	*l̥ʰɯː, *lɯ
孡	*l̥ʰɯː
苔	*l'ɯː
抬	*l'ɯː
駘	*l'ɯː, *l'ɯːʔ
炱	*l'ɯː
菭	*l'ɯː, *l'i
跆	*l'ɯː
殆	*l'ɯːʔ
怠	*l'ɯːʔ
迨	*l'ɯːʔ
紿	*l'ɯːʔ
詒	*l'ɯːʔ, *lɯ
軩	*l'ɯːʔ
咍	*hlɯː
佁	*lɯːʔ, *l̥ʰɯs, *lɯʔ
枲	*slɯʔ
辝	*ljɯ
鈶	*ljɯʔ
笞	*l̥ʰɯ
齝	*l̥ʰɯ, *hljɯ
眙	*l̥ʰɯs, *lɯ
治	*l'ɯ, *l'ɯs, *l'is
始	*hljɯʔ
怡	*lɯ
貽	*lɯ
飴	*lɯ
瓵	*lɯ
珆	*li

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): yí (yi²)

  (Zhuyin): ㄧˊ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): ji⁴
• Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): î

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: yí
    • Zhuyin: ㄧˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: yí
    • Wade–Giles: i²
    • Yale: yí
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yi
    • Palladius: и (i)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /i³⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: ji⁴
    • Yale: yìh
    • Cantonese Pinyin: ji⁴
    • Guangdong Romanization: yi⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /jiː²¹/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: î
    • Tâi-lô: î
    • Phofsit Daibuun: ii
    • IPA (Xiamen): /i²⁴/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /i²⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /i¹³/
    • IPA (Taipei): /i²⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /i²³/

---

• Middle Chinese: yi

Rime
Character	飴
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	以 (36)
Final (韻)	之 (19)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	與之切
Baxter	yi
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/jɨ/
Pan Wuyun	/jɨ/
Shao Rongfen	/ie/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/jɨ/
Li Rong	/iə/
Wang Li	/jĭə/
Bernhard Karlgren	/i/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	yí
Expected Cantonese Reflex	ji4

• Old Chinese

  (Zhengzhang): /*lɯ/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	飴
Reading #	1/1
No.	12297
Phonetic component	台
Rime group	之
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	飴
Old Chinese	/*lɯ/

Definitions

飴

1. syrup or candy made from malt or rice

   • 周原膴膴，堇荼如飴。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, trad.]
     周原𰮇𰮇，堇荼如饴。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: The Classic of Poetry, c. 11^th – 7^th centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version

     Zhōuyuán wǔwǔ, jǐn tú rú yí. [Pinyin]

     The plain of Zhou looked beautiful and rich,
     With its violets and sowthistles [sweet] as dumplings.

2. a kind of soft candy
3. (obsolete) sweet and delicious food
4. very sweet

Compounds

• 以飴沃釜 / 以饴沃釜
• 含飴弄孫 / 含饴弄孙 (hányínòngsūn)
• 甘之如飴 / 甘之如饴 (gānzhīrúyí)
• 甘之若飴 / 甘之若饴
• 甘死如飴 / 甘死如饴 (gānsǐrúyí)
• 視死如飴 / 视死如饴
• 飴糖 / 饴糖 (yítáng)

 

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): sì (si⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄙˋ

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: sì
    • Zhuyin: ㄙˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: sìh
    • Wade–Giles: ssŭ⁴
    • Yale: sz̀
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: syh
    • Palladius: сы (sy)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /sz̩⁵¹/

Definitions

飴

1. (obsolete) Alternative form of 飼 / 饲 (sì)

Japanese

Shinjitai (extended)	Shinjitai (extended)	飴󠄀 飴+󠄀? (Adobe-Japan1)
飴󠄂 飴+󠄂? (Hanyo-Denshi) (Moji_Joho)
Kyūjitai	飴
The displayed kanji may be different from the image due to your environment. See here for details.

Kanji

飴

(Hyōgai kanji)

Readings

• Go-on: い (i)、じ (ji)
• Kan-on: い (i)、し (shi)
• Kun: あめ (ame, 飴)

Etymology

Kanji in this term
飴
あめ Hyōgai
kun'yomi

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) あめ [àmé] (Heiban – [0])
• IPA^(key): [a̠me̞]

Noun

飴(あめ) • (ame) 

1. candy
   • 938, Minamoto no Shitagō, Wamyō Ruijushō, volume 4, page 53:

     飴 設文云、飴、音恰阿女○昌平本下總本有和名二字與釋日本紀引此合本草和名𥹋糖、新撰字鏡、餳饊糖、古本餔、皆訓阿女按阿女與甘同語神武紀、飴訓多加禰

     (please add an English translation of this quotation)

Derived terms

• 飴玉(あめだま) (amedama)
• 千歳飴(ちとせあめ) (chitose ame)
• 喉飴(のどあめ) (nodo ame)
• 鼈甲飴(べっこあめ) (bekko ame)
• 水飴(みずあめ) (mizuame)
• 林檎飴(りんごあめ) (ringo ame)
• 綿飴(わたあめ) (watāme)

References

• Minamoto, Shitagō with Kyōto Daigaku Bungakubu Kokugogaku Kokubungaku Kenkyūshitu (931–938) Shohon Shūsei Wamyō Ruijushō: Honbunhen (in Japanese), Kyōto: Rinsen, published 1968, →ISBN.

Korean

Hanja

飴 • (i, si) (hangeul 이, 시, revised i, si, McCune–Reischauer i, si, Yale i, si)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

飴: Hán Nôm readings: di

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

References

• Nom Foundation