曖

See also: 暧

曖	U+66D6, 曖 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-66D6

← 曕
[U+66D5]

CJK Unified Ideographs

曗 →
[U+66D7]

Translingual

Han character

曖 (Kangxi radical 72, 日+13, 17 strokes, cangjie input 日月月水 (ABBE), four-corner 6204₇, composition ⿰日愛)

obscure, dim, ambiguous, vague

Derived characters

𭌥

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 500, character 38
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 14206
Dae Jaweon: page 871, character 4
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1538, character 17
Unihan data for U+66D6

Chinese

trad.		曖
simp.		暧
alternative forms		瞹

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (愛) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
愛	*qɯːds
曖	qɯːds, qaːds
僾	qɯːds, qɯlʔ
靉	qɯːds, qɯlʔ
薆	*qɯːds
璦	*qɯːds
瞹	*qaːds

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *qɯːds, *qaːds) : semantic 日 (“sun”) + phonetic 愛 (OC *qɯːds).

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): ài (ai⁴)

(Zhuyin): ㄞˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): oi² / oi³
Eastern Min (BUC): ái
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): ài

(Teochew, Peng'im): ain³
Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁵e

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: ài
  - Zhuyin: ㄞˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: ài
  - Wade–Giles: ai⁴
  - Yale: ài
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: ay
  - Palladius: ай (aj)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ˀaɪ̯⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: oi² / oi³
  - Yale: ói / oi
  - Cantonese Pinyin: oi² / oi³
  - Guangdong Romanization: oi² / oi³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɔːi̯³⁵/, /ɔːi̯³³/

Note: The zero initial /∅-/ is commonly pronounced with a ng-initial /ŋ-/ in some varieties of Cantonese, including Hong Kong Cantonese.

Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: ái
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɑi²¹³/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ài
  - Tâi-lô: ài
  - Phofsit Daibuun: aix
  - IPA (Xiamen): /ai²¹/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /ai⁴¹/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /ai²¹/
  - IPA (Taipei): /ai¹¹/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /ai²¹/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: ain³
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: àiⁿ
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ãĩ²¹³/
Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai)
  - Wugniu: ⁵e
  - MiniDict: e^去
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ²e
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /e³⁴/

Middle Chinese: 'ajH, 'ojH

Rime
Character	曖	曖
Reading #	1/2	2/2
Initial (聲)	影 (34)	影 (34)
Final (韻)	泰 (25)	咍 (41)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	I	I
Fanqie	於蓋切	烏代切
Baxter	'ajH	'ojH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ʔɑi^H/	/ʔʌi^H/
Pan Wuyun	/ʔɑi^H/	/ʔəi^H/
Shao Rongfen	/ʔɑi^H/	/ʔɒi^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ʔaj^H/	/ʔəj^H/
Li Rong	/ʔɑi^H/	/ʔᴀi^H/
Wang Li	/ɑi^H/	/ɒi^H/
Bernhard Karlgren	/ʔɑi^H/	/ʔɑ̆i^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	ài	ài
Expected Cantonese Reflex	oi³	oi³

Old Chinese
(Zhengzhang): /*qɯːds/, /*qaːds/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	曖	曖
Reading #	1/2	2/2
No.	2	8
Phonetic component	愛	愛
Rime group	隊	祭
Rime subdivision	1	1
Corresponding MC rime	愛	藹
Old Chinese	/*qɯːds/	/*qaːds/

Definitions

曖

(literary, of daylight) dim; hazy
^† obscure; hidden

Compounds

堙曖 / 堙暧
曖昧 / 暧昧 (àimèi)
曖曖 / 暧暧 (ài'ài)

Japanese

Kanji

曖

(Jōyō kanji)

dark, not clear

Readings

Go-on: あい (ai, Jōyō)、お (o)
Kan-on: あい (ai, Jōyō)
Kun: くらい (kurai, 曖い)、おおう (ōu, 曖う)、かげる (kageru, 曖る)

Korean

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 曖 (MC 'ajH|'ojH).

Historical readings

Recorded as Middle Korean ᅙᆡᆼ〮 (Yale: qóy) in Dongguk Jeongun (東國正韻 / 동국정운), 1448.
Recorded as Early Modern Korean ᄋᆡ (Yale: oy) in Samun Seonghwi (三韻聲彙 / 삼운성휘), 1751.

Pronunciation

(SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [ɛ(ː)] ~ [e̞(ː)]
Phonetic hangul: [애(ː)/에(ː)]
- Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.

Hanja

Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

曖

Wikisource

曖 (eumhun 희미할 애 (huimihal ae))

hanja form^? of 애 (“dim”)

Compounds

애매 (曖昧, aemae, “ambiguity; obscurity”)
애매성 (曖昧性, aemaeseong)
애매모호 (曖昧模糊, aemaemoho, “obscurity”)

References

국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [1]

Vietnamese

Han character

曖: Hán Nôm readings: áy

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