Oryl Photonics

>> Choosing the right formulation pathway in drug development is like 𝐚𝐬𝐬𝐞𝐦𝐛𝐥𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐚 𝐜𝐨𝐦𝐩𝐥𝐞𝐱 𝐩𝐮𝐳𝐳𝐥𝐞 🧩 Understanding solubility and aggregation is the key piece that helps you complete the picture with precision, ensuring both drug efficacy and safety. However this is a daunting task 😓 We mentioned in the last weeks that profiling is: – resource-intensive 🧪👩🔬 – slow, uncertain and risky ⏱️⚠️ – constrained by production ⚗️ 🔬 To solve this, we have developed a novel technology to measure drug aggregation and solubility using ultrafast lasers. This technique probes the dynamics of solubility and aggregation in an 𝐚𝐜𝐜𝐮𝐫𝐚𝐭𝐞, 𝐟𝐚𝐬𝐭 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐫𝐞𝐬𝐨𝐮𝐫𝐜𝐞-𝐬𝐚𝐯𝐢𝐧𝐠 way. The key advantage of this method is its 𝐦𝐢𝐧𝐢𝐦𝐚𝐥 𝐬𝐚𝐦𝐩𝐥𝐞 𝐫𝐞𝐪𝐮𝐢𝐫𝐞𝐦𝐞𝐧𝐭, allowing you to obtain around 100x more solubility datapoints from the same amount of sample. This enables large-scale solubility and aggregation profiling. Additionally, since the technology preserves the sample, you can perform time-lapse and dynamic measurements and reuse it for other complementary techniques. 🔄 In a nutshell, Oryl’s method allows rapid, accurate and actionable feedback to orient the drug development using as little compound as possible. This versatile technology works with both small and large molecules in any dipolar solvent, allowing you to profile conditions across various salt concentrations, excipients, and solvents.   You can read our full blog post on the challenges with profiling via the link in first comment 👇    #solubility #aggregation #API #profiling   ------------------------- 🔔 𝘐𝘧 𝘺𝘰𝘶 𝘸𝘢𝘯𝘵 𝘵𝘰 𝘧𝘰𝘭𝘭𝘰𝘸 𝘸𝘩𝘢𝘵 𝘸𝘦 𝘥𝘰, 𝘴𝘶𝘣𝘴𝘤𝘳𝘪𝘣𝘦 𝘵𝘰 𝘰𝘶𝘳 𝘓𝘪𝘯𝘬𝘦𝘥𝘐𝘯 𝘱𝘢𝘨𝘦! 📨 𝘐𝘧 𝘺𝘰𝘶 𝘸𝘢𝘯𝘵 𝘵𝘰 𝘬𝘯𝘰𝘸 𝘮𝘰𝘳𝘦 𝘰𝘯 𝘰𝘶𝘳 𝘚𝘰𝘭𝘷𝘦𝘯𝘵 𝘙𝘦𝘥𝘪𝘴𝘵𝘳𝘪𝘣𝘶𝘵𝘪𝘰𝘯 𝘮𝘦𝘵𝘩𝘰𝘥 𝘰𝘳 𝘵𝘰 𝘨𝘦𝘵 𝘢 𝘥𝘦𝘮𝘰𝘯𝘴𝘵𝘳𝘢𝘵𝘪𝘰𝘯 𝘰𝘧 𝘸𝘩𝘢𝘵 𝘸𝘦 𝘥𝘰, 𝘳𝘦𝘢𝘤𝘩 𝘰𝘶𝘵! 🇪🇺 𝘞𝘦 𝘢𝘳𝘦 𝘱𝘢𝘳𝘵 𝘰𝘧 𝘵𝘩𝘦 𝘌𝘶𝘳𝘰𝘱𝘦𝘢𝘯 𝘱𝘳𝘰𝘫𝘦𝘤𝘵 FASS – Fast and Accurate Solubility for Sustainability, 𝘤𝘩𝘦𝘤𝘬 𝘪𝘵 𝘰𝘶𝘵!

>> 🧬 Did you know that it took scientists over 50 years to decode entirely the human DNA? And we are still learning new things about it everyday !   Even when we think we have unraveled a mystery, complex problems like the human genome keep revealing new fascinating layers.   Solubility/aggregation profiling is one of them. Some chemicals, products or compounds have very individual behavior caused by a huge manifold of parameters. And you cannot reduce it to a simple and straightforward answer!   𝐓𝐡𝐞 𝐜𝐡𝐚𝐥𝐥𝐞𝐧𝐠𝐞𝐬 𝐰𝐢𝐭𝐡 𝐚𝐠𝐠𝐫𝐞𝐠𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐬𝐨𝐥𝐮𝐛𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐭𝐲 𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐟𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐧𝐠: (3/3) 𝐢𝐭 𝐢𝐬 𝐜𝐨𝐧𝐬𝐭𝐫𝐚𝐢𝐧𝐞𝐝 𝐛𝐲 𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐝𝐮𝐜𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧   ⚗️ When one starts planning the production of a drug, solubility and aggregation is of utmost importance. Undissolved chunks of drug/API or aggregates are useless and undesirable during the production steps.   😓 However, profiling solubility and aggregation is a daunting endeavour, for several reasons. On part 1 and 2 of the series we discussed that it is very resource-intensive, as well as slow, uncertain and risky.   The third challenge is that profiling is constrained by production: – There are many potential formulations pathways to choose, and a strong pressure to go forward 🔀 – Aggregation curbs manufacturing 📉   🔄 Indeed, once the drug enters the drug product phase, there is a pressure to increase its production. However, if the aggregation profile is not yet optimized, the yield of the production steps will be low and process improvements must be a top priority. To optimize it, aggregation profiling is a must and should be obtained with speed and precision to avoid useless and time-consuming back and forth loops.   These difficulties are important; hence scientists and technicians are left with little coping strategies. Either by measuring only a few conditions assumed to be key, or by delaying the study only when problems happen. 𝐈𝐧 𝐚 𝐧𝐮𝐭𝐬𝐡𝐞𝐥𝐥: 𝐲𝐨𝐮 𝐡𝐚𝐯𝐞 𝐭𝐨 𝐦𝐚𝐤𝐞 𝐭𝐨𝐮𝐠𝐡 𝐜𝐡𝐨𝐢𝐜𝐞𝐬 𝐛𝐲 𝐬𝐚𝐜𝐫𝐢𝐟𝐢𝐜𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐞𝐢𝐭𝐡𝐞𝐫 𝐤𝐧𝐨𝐰𝐥𝐞𝐝𝐠𝐞 𝐨𝐫 𝐫𝐞𝐬𝐨𝐮𝐫𝐜𝐞𝐬 😓   We will write about our solution in the next days. You can read the full blog post with the link in first comment 👇    #solubility #aggregation #API #profiling #processdevelopment   ------------------------- 🔔 𝘐𝘧 𝘺𝘰𝘶 𝘸𝘢𝘯𝘵 𝘵𝘰 𝘧𝘰𝘭𝘭𝘰𝘸 𝘸𝘩𝘢𝘵 𝘸𝘦 𝘥𝘰, 𝘴𝘶𝘣𝘴𝘤𝘳𝘪𝘣𝘦 𝘵𝘰 𝘰𝘶𝘳 𝘓𝘪𝘯𝘬𝘦𝘥𝘐𝘯 𝘱𝘢𝘨𝘦! 📨 𝘐𝘧 𝘺𝘰𝘶 𝘸𝘢𝘯𝘵 𝘵𝘰 𝘬𝘯𝘰𝘸 𝘮𝘰𝘳𝘦 𝘰𝘯 𝘰𝘶𝘳 𝘚𝘰𝘭𝘷𝘦𝘯𝘵 𝘙𝘦𝘥𝘪𝘴𝘵𝘳𝘪𝘣𝘶𝘵𝘪𝘰𝘯 𝘮𝘦𝘵𝘩𝘰𝘥 𝘰𝘳 𝘵𝘰 𝘨𝘦𝘵 𝘢 𝘥𝘦𝘮𝘰𝘯𝘴𝘵𝘳𝘢𝘵𝘪𝘰𝘯 𝘰𝘧 𝘸𝘩𝘢𝘵 𝘸𝘦 𝘥𝘰, 𝘳𝘦𝘢𝘤𝘩 𝘰𝘶𝘵! 🇪🇺 𝘞𝘦 𝘢𝘳𝘦 𝘱𝘢𝘳𝘵 𝘰𝘧 𝘵𝘩𝘦 𝘌𝘶𝘳𝘰𝘱𝘦𝘢𝘯 𝘱𝘳𝘰𝘫𝘦𝘤𝘵 FASS – Fast and Accurate Solubility for Sustainability, 𝘤𝘩𝘦𝘤𝘬 𝘪𝘵 𝘰𝘶𝘵!

>> There was a time when cartographers devoted their life venturing in the unknown to map new territories. A long and harsh enterprise crucial for our development, that has parallels with the profiling of solubility and aggregation!   𝐓𝐡𝐞 𝐜𝐡𝐚𝐥𝐥𝐞𝐧𝐠𝐞𝐬 𝐰𝐢𝐭𝐡 𝐚𝐠𝐠𝐫𝐞𝐠𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐬𝐨𝐥𝐮𝐛𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐭𝐲 𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐟𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐧𝐠: (2/3) 𝐢𝐭 𝐢𝐬 𝐬𝐥𝐨𝐰, 𝐮𝐧𝐜𝐞𝐫𝐭𝐚𝐢𝐧 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐫𝐢𝐬𝐤𝐲   💊 A drug travels through various environments when going into the body. In order to ensure its efficient and stability along the way, it is crucial to profile its solubility and aggregation across the expected environmental conditions. In other terms, to 𝐦𝐚𝐩 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐬𝐨𝐥𝐮𝐛𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐭𝐲 𝐥𝐚𝐧𝐝𝐬𝐜𝐚𝐩𝐞 🗺️   😓 However, profiling solubility and aggregation is a daunting endeavour, for several reasons. On part 1 of the series we discussed that it is heavily resource-intensive. The second part is that profiling is slow, uncertain and risky when incomplete: – Current technologies are slow and stifle the development ⏱️ – Profiling with limited resources give uncertain results and remains a risky strategy ⚠️ Ideally, before any drug development occurs, the solubility and aggregation landscape should have been profiled. However, this challenge is overwhelming because of the enormous amount of material needed to profile the solubility and aggregation landscape of a drug. Hence it is often done partially and increases the risks of setbacks in the next steps of development, with enormous impacts on the development pipeline.   A technology is needed that requires the least amount of compound – especially for expensive drugs where it is almost impossible to perform any type of solubility/aggregation profiling.   We will write about the last challenge (and our solution) in the next days. You can read the full blog post with the link in first comment 👇    #solubility #aggregation #API #profiling   ------------------------- 🔔 𝘐𝘧 𝘺𝘰𝘶 𝘸𝘢𝘯𝘵 𝘵𝘰 𝘧𝘰𝘭𝘭𝘰𝘸 𝘸𝘩𝘢𝘵 𝘸𝘦 𝘥𝘰, 𝘴𝘶𝘣𝘴𝘤𝘳𝘪𝘣𝘦 𝘵𝘰 𝘰𝘶𝘳 𝘓𝘪𝘯𝘬𝘦𝘥𝘐𝘯 𝘱𝘢𝘨𝘦! 📨 𝘐𝘧 𝘺𝘰𝘶 𝘸𝘢𝘯𝘵 𝘵𝘰 𝘬𝘯𝘰𝘸 𝘮𝘰𝘳𝘦 𝘰𝘯 𝘰𝘶𝘳 𝘚𝘰𝘭𝘷𝘦𝘯𝘵 𝘙𝘦𝘥𝘪𝘴𝘵𝘳𝘪𝘣𝘶𝘵𝘪𝘰𝘯 𝘮𝘦𝘵𝘩𝘰𝘥 𝘰𝘳 𝘵𝘰 𝘨𝘦𝘵 𝘢 𝘥𝘦𝘮𝘰𝘯𝘴𝘵𝘳𝘢𝘵𝘪𝘰𝘯 𝘰𝘧 𝘸𝘩𝘢𝘵 𝘸𝘦 𝘥𝘰, 𝘳𝘦𝘢𝘤𝘩 𝘰𝘶𝘵! 🇪🇺 𝘞𝘦 𝘢𝘳𝘦 𝘱𝘢𝘳𝘵 𝘰𝘧 𝘵𝘩𝘦 𝘌𝘶𝘳𝘰𝘱𝘦𝘢𝘯 𝘱𝘳𝘰𝘫𝘦𝘤𝘵 FASS – Fast and Accurate Solubility for Sustainability, 𝘤𝘩𝘦𝘤𝘬 𝘪𝘵 𝘰𝘶𝘵!

>> ORYL is featured in Technology Networks!   📰 Following ELRIG UK's Drug Discovery 2024 conference, we got mentioned in an article from Technology Networks, big thanks to them! One sentence that strikes me: "The biotech startup landscape is often where some of the most transformative ideas are born, unburdened by legacy systems and usually agile enough to take the risks that drive scientific breakthroughs."   I can only agree on the extra willingness of startups to take risks. Being hungry is an existential matter. You can read the article with the link in the first comment 👇 #elrigdd24 #solubility #aggregation

✳️ Revolutionizing drug solubility: Oryl Photonics' breakthrough in light-scattering technology 💊 Insoluble drugs are ineffective and represent a huge loss of investment. Measuring solubility or aggregation in drugs is laborious, time-consuming, expensive and a speed-breaker in R&D. The used methods have not changed in the last decades. Lausanne-based start-up Oryl Photonics, founded in 2020, simplifies solubility measurement with its patented light-scattering based instrument. 🧫 Based on proprietary nonlinear light-scattering technology, the solution saves days of repetitive work and thousands of dollars of consumable cost. Combining throughput and high sensitivity with minimal sample preparation, it provides quick and reproducible solubility data through sustainable use of resources (compounds, reagents and consumables), beyond the capabilities of #HPLC (current gold standard for solubility measurements). 🥼 A prototype of the instrument, developed by Oryl Photonics and CSEM within the Innosuisse Project EASY, has been installed at Hochschule für Life Sciences FHNW in Muttenz, in the laboratory of Prof. Martin Kuentz. Pharmaceutical and life sciences companies as well as laboratories located in the larger Basel Area will be able to test the prototype and get to know how it helps making solubility screening simpler and rapid, accurate and sensitive, while saving valuable compounds. Oryl Photonics is now also offering solubility measurement as a service, living up to their motto “solving the insoluble”. The pre-series of the instrument will be available in 2025. Oryl Photonics is a spin-off from EPFL, where the technology has been incubated over a decade of research. CSEM's team looks forward to continuing its great collaboration with Oryl Photonics and FHNW. More developments to come, so stay tuned! #solubility #aggregation #scattering #pharmaceutical 📸 (L-R) Orly Tarun, Martin Kuentz, Jitka Kalasová, Yevhen S., Stefano Cattaneo Nathan Dupertuis, David Roesel, Samantha Paoletti

>> Are you struggling with scarce or precious APIs, of which you want to profile solubility or aggregation? 😓   𝐓𝐡𝐞 𝐜𝐡𝐚𝐥𝐥𝐞𝐧𝐠𝐞𝐬 𝐰𝐢𝐭𝐡 𝐚𝐠𝐠𝐫𝐞𝐠𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐬𝐨𝐥𝐮𝐛𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐭𝐲 𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐟𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐧𝐠: (1/3) 𝐢𝐭 𝐢𝐬 𝐫𝐞𝐬𝐨𝐮𝐫𝐜𝐞 𝐢𝐧𝐭𝐞𝐧𝐬𝐢𝐯𝐞    💊 A drug must be absorbed by the body to reach its intended biological target. However, before reaching its destination, and depending on the type of delivery, a drug will be exposed to various environments. For an oral delivery 👄 the drug experiences various pH and media conditions (from enzymes to bile salts, etc), going from the mouth (pH 6.5–7.5) to stomach (pH 1.5–3.5) to small intestine (gradual pH increase from 5.5 to 8) and large intestine (6.0–7.0). Therefore, the solubility and aggregation of drug molecules depends on multiple experimental parameters (temperature, ionic strength, salts, presence of excipients, etc) as well as on the different types of solvents and media conditions. From a formulation point-of-view, all these aspects should be considered to make sure that the drug remains potent and bioavailable.   😓 However, profiling solubility and aggregation is a challenging endeavour, for several reasons. The first difficulty is that 𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐟𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐢𝐬 𝐫𝐞𝐬𝐨𝐮𝐫𝐜𝐞-𝐢𝐧𝐭𝐞𝐧𝐬𝐢𝐯𝐞: – It requires 𝘦𝘹𝘤𝘦𝘴𝘴 𝘥𝘳𝘶𝘨 𝘴𝘶𝘣𝘴𝘵𝘢𝘯𝘤𝘦, which is problematic for expensive or scarce APIs 💊 – It requires 𝘴𝘬𝘪𝘭𝘭𝘦𝘥 𝘭𝘢𝘣𝘰𝘳 𝘸𝘪𝘵𝘩 𝘦𝘹𝘵𝘦𝘯𝘴𝘪𝘷𝘦 𝘩𝘢𝘯𝘥𝘴-𝘰𝘯 𝘸𝘰𝘳𝘬 👨🔬 – It requires 𝘦𝘹𝘱𝘦𝘯𝘴𝘪𝘷𝘦 𝘢𝘯𝘥 𝘤𝘰𝘮𝘱𝘭𝘦𝘹 𝘪𝘯𝘴𝘵𝘳𝘶𝘮𝘦𝘯𝘵𝘢𝘵𝘪𝘰𝘯 🔬 with associated user training and maintenance 🔧   💸 The cost of producing new drugs has steadily increased in the past years especially with new drug modalities, such as biologics 🧫, gene therapies 🧬, and cell therapies 🦠 which are generally more expensive to develop. Moreover, the analytical development for these types of drugs is at an early stage. 🔬🧪 New tools and method developments are needed to address the solubility and aggregation profile of new drug modalities with particular focus on miniaturization, universality and flexibility (studying drugs in their native environment), and sensitivity.   We will write about the 2 other challenges (and our solution) in the next weeks. You can read the full blog post with the link in first comment 👇 #solubility #aggregation #API #scarce #expensive ------------------------- 🔔 𝘐𝘧 𝘺𝘰𝘶 𝘸𝘢𝘯𝘵 𝘵𝘰 𝘧𝘰𝘭𝘭𝘰𝘸 𝘸𝘩𝘢𝘵 𝘸𝘦 𝘥𝘰, 𝘴𝘶𝘣𝘴𝘤𝘳𝘪𝘣𝘦 𝘵𝘰 𝘰𝘶𝘳 𝘓𝘪𝘯𝘬𝘦𝘥𝘐𝘯 𝘱𝘢𝘨𝘦! 📨 𝘐𝘧 𝘺𝘰𝘶 𝘸𝘢𝘯𝘵 𝘵𝘰 𝘬𝘯𝘰𝘸 𝘮𝘰𝘳𝘦 𝘰𝘯 𝘰𝘶𝘳 𝘚𝘰𝘭𝘷𝘦𝘯𝘵 𝘙𝘦𝘥𝘪𝘴𝘵𝘳𝘪𝘣𝘶𝘵𝘪𝘰𝘯 𝘮𝘦𝘵𝘩𝘰𝘥 𝘰𝘳 𝘵𝘰 𝘨𝘦𝘵 𝘢 𝘥𝘦𝘮𝘰𝘯𝘴𝘵𝘳𝘢𝘵𝘪𝘰𝘯 𝘰𝘧 𝘸𝘩𝘢𝘵 𝘸𝘦 𝘥𝘰, 𝘳𝘦𝘢𝘤𝘩 𝘰𝘶𝘵 𝘵𝘰 𝘶𝘴!

An interview in French by Camille Andres for GENILEM, on the development and challenges of ORYL! Merci ! #startup #coaching #accelerator

>> What do gold coins, chocolate and solubility/aggregation have in common? 🇨🇭 You will find all of them at our booth 6SU11 at CPHI! Come to have a chat with Nathan to know more! Also make sure to check the Startup market with an incredible diversity of innovations (with Swiss friends ENANTIOS, Galvita AG and inSEIT for instance). And finally kudos to Nebu~Flow for the Startup initiative award 🏆 received last night! #cphi #solubility #aggregation #Swisstech ------------------------- 🔔 𝘐𝘧 𝘺𝘰𝘶 𝘸𝘢𝘯𝘵 𝘵𝘰 𝘧𝘰𝘭𝘭𝘰𝘸 𝘸𝘩𝘢𝘵 𝘸𝘦 𝘥𝘰, 𝘴𝘶𝘣𝘴𝘤𝘳𝘪𝘣𝘦 𝘵𝘰 𝘰𝘶𝘳 𝘓𝘪𝘯𝘬𝘦𝘥𝘐𝘯 𝘱𝘢𝘨𝘦! 📨 𝘐𝘧 𝘺𝘰𝘶 𝘸𝘢𝘯𝘵 𝘵𝘰 𝘬𝘯𝘰𝘸 𝘮𝘰𝘳𝘦 𝘰𝘯 𝘰𝘶𝘳 𝘚𝘰𝘭𝘷𝘦𝘯𝘵 𝘙𝘦𝘥𝘪𝘴𝘵𝘳𝘪𝘣𝘶𝘵𝘪𝘰𝘯 𝘮𝘦𝘵𝘩𝘰𝘥 𝘰𝘳 𝘵𝘰 𝘨𝘦𝘵 𝘢 𝘥𝘦𝘮𝘰𝘯𝘴𝘵𝘳𝘢𝘵𝘪𝘰𝘯 𝘰𝘧 𝘸𝘩𝘢𝘵 𝘸𝘦 𝘥𝘰, 𝘳𝘦𝘢𝘤𝘩 𝘰𝘶𝘵 𝘵𝘰 𝘶𝘴!

>> visit us at Drug Discovery London 2024 We are in the breakthrough zone at #elrigdd24. Meet Nathan Dupertuis for a chat on our novel #solubility and #aggregation measurement! ------------------------- 🔔 𝘐𝘧 𝘺𝘰𝘶 𝘸𝘢𝘯𝘵 𝘵𝘰 𝘧𝘰𝘭𝘭𝘰𝘸 𝘸𝘩𝘢𝘵 𝘸𝘦 𝘥𝘰, 𝘴𝘶𝘣𝘴𝘤𝘳𝘪𝘣𝘦 𝘵𝘰 𝘰𝘶𝘳 𝘓𝘪𝘯𝘬𝘦𝘥𝘐𝘯 𝘱𝘢𝘨𝘦! 📨 𝘐𝘧 𝘺𝘰𝘶 𝘸𝘢𝘯𝘵 𝘵𝘰 𝘬𝘯𝘰𝘸 𝘮𝘰𝘳𝘦 𝘰𝘯 𝘰𝘶𝘳 𝘚𝘰𝘭𝘷𝘦𝘯𝘵 𝘙𝘦𝘥𝘪𝘴𝘵𝘳𝘪𝘣𝘶𝘵𝘪𝘰𝘯 𝘮𝘦𝘵𝘩𝘰𝘥 𝘰𝘳 𝘵𝘰 𝘨𝘦𝘵 𝘢 𝘥𝘦𝘮𝘰𝘯𝘴𝘵𝘳𝘢𝘵𝘪𝘰𝘯 𝘰𝘧 𝘸𝘩𝘢𝘵 𝘸𝘦 𝘥𝘰, 𝘳𝘦𝘢𝘤𝘩 𝘰𝘶𝘵 𝘵𝘰 𝘶𝘴!

>> ORYL is exhibiting at Drug Discovery London 2024 After the Roman summer, we are heading to the British autumn 🍂☔ Our cofounder Nathan Dupertuis will be at our booth in the Breakthrough Zone of Drug Discovery London, organised by ELRIG UK. Make sure to say hello for a handful of chocolates and Swiss candies 🍫🍬 and a good conversation on solubility and aggregation! Also make sure to check our friends of NexMR AG at their booth! If you want to join us there, you can register for free with the link in first comment 👇 #elrig #elrigdd24 #drugdiscovery #solubility #aggregation ------------------------- 🔔 𝘐𝘧 𝘺𝘰𝘶 𝘸𝘢𝘯𝘵 𝘵𝘰 𝘧𝘰𝘭𝘭𝘰𝘸 𝘸𝘩𝘢𝘵 𝘸𝘦 𝘥𝘰, 𝘴𝘶𝘣𝘴𝘤𝘳𝘪𝘣𝘦 𝘵𝘰 𝘰𝘶𝘳 𝘓𝘪𝘯𝘬𝘦𝘥𝘐𝘯 𝘱𝘢𝘨𝘦! 📨 𝘐𝘧 𝘺𝘰𝘶 𝘸𝘢𝘯𝘵 𝘵𝘰 𝘬𝘯𝘰𝘸 𝘮𝘰𝘳𝘦 𝘰𝘯 𝘰𝘶𝘳 𝘚𝘰𝘭𝘷𝘦𝘯𝘵 𝘙𝘦𝘥𝘪𝘴𝘵𝘳𝘪𝘣𝘶𝘵𝘪𝘰𝘯 𝘮𝘦𝘵𝘩𝘰𝘥 𝘰𝘳 𝘵𝘰 𝘨𝘦𝘵 𝘢 𝘥𝘦𝘮𝘰𝘯𝘴𝘵𝘳𝘢𝘵𝘪𝘰𝘯 𝘰𝘧 𝘸𝘩𝘢𝘵 𝘸𝘦 𝘥𝘰, 𝘳𝘦𝘢𝘤𝘩 𝘰𝘶𝘵 𝘵𝘰 𝘶𝘴!