Cicero Netto, B. Eng

#antenna #startup #5G #innovation New projects in progress… What about fabricating 5G innovative antennas in Brazil?

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Allcom partners with Orbcomm for satellite IoT and GE Vernovan for Private Network Allcom Telecom intends to offer satellite connectivity for Internet of Things (#IoT) networks in Brazil. To this end, the company has entered into a partnership with ORBCOMM, a company that operates 28 satellites. In an interview with TELETIME , Allcom CEO Marcio Fabozi said that the goal is to serve companies that operate in remote or hard-to-reach areas in Brazil. " We see satellite in our offering as a complementary technology to some other network technology that we have ," said Marcio Fabozi. In this sense, sectors of the economy such as agribusiness, logistics, utilities and maritime transport, for example, are examples of markets that are in Allcom's sights. In the case of agriculture, it will be possible to use IoT technology to monitor machinery, weather conditions and crops in real time. But there are other markets to be explored – and where Allcom believes that satellite can be the main communication technology. This is the case of vessels – which should now be better explored through the partnership with Orbcomm, said Fabozi. In addition to satellite connectivity for IoT devices, Allcom Telecom has also partnered with GE Vernovan (present in 90% of the world's energy utilities, according to the company) to distribute #PrivateNetwork solutions in Brazil. The focus here is on sectors that demand high connectivity and low latency. As Fabozi told TELETIME, the partnership will enable private LTE 4G and 5G networks, complementing Allcom's IoT solutions. As with the satellite offering, this collaboration with GE targets industries such as agribusiness, energy, mining and transportation. The goal is to offer automation, monitoring and connectivity for autonomous vehicles and equipment. Since June, Allcom has also been a mobile virtual network operator (#MVNO) in Brazil. According to Allcom's CEO, the expectation is that new satellite IoT offerings and private networks will boost the company's growth. "We have grown by almost 2 million [connected] devices in the last two years," said the CEO. By 2024, the company expects to add another 1 million devices. "But this base, today, comes from the cellular network. With these new satellite offerings, private network and LoRa, we understand that we will start to cover not only new businesses, but we will also be able to increase this base even more with these technologies," he said. https://lnkd.in/gcQyp_9i

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📰PARTICIPATION AT NFV-SDN 2024, NATAL, BRAZIL 📢 SMARTNESS 2030 made a significant technical impact at the IEEE NFV-SDN 2024, presenting high-quality research across #SDN, #NFV, and programmable network infrastructure. Among the highlights: on paper on fast ECMP re-routing (RESISTING) and one on cloud gaming traffic detection (MATADOR); three demos: PINT-BoX (Best Demo Award), a path-aware networking tool; POSMAC for AR/CG traffic classification; and a QoS/QoE testbed for holographic media; a PhD symposium on QoE for immersive 5G services (Best PhD Symposium Award); a tutorial on programmable infrastructures supporting 6G research; and a keynote by Prof. Christian Rothenberg on emulation tools with SDN for network slicing. 👏 Congratulations to each of the authors of the articles, and we encourage them to continue with a firm commitment to their corresponding lines of research. 👇More details about this news: https://bit.ly/3Zbf5n7 #FAPESP #ERICSSON  #SMARTNESS2030 #IEEE #NFV #SDN #6G

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📗 5G Spectrum Bands 📗 The first edge for #5G Vs. the previous generations is the #Spectrum. 💡 5G supports 3 different bands from #FR1 which includes two bands, low frequency like 600MHz and Midband frequency like C-Band which was used before for #satellite (3.3 to 4.2 GHz). The 3rd frequency band is very unique to #5G #mmWave. 💡 The main advantage of the #low frequency is the #Coverage footprint which provides a good wide penetration which suitable for the #indoor use cases and #IoT. 💡 The #mid band is called the “Sweet spot” spectrum for 5G providing higher #throughput and propagating effectively across relatively large areas. Also, technologies like #Beamforming and #massiveMIMO are used to improve the #coverage and #throughput. This band is mainly used as a #TDD which allows transmission and reception on the same channel. 💡 #mmWave which is a new spectrum band with High #BW (400MHz) with a low #coverage which needs #LOS and multiple cells to achieve same #LTE coverage. It's used for #5G_FWA for example in many countries like #US. For more articles and reading: 📃 What is the difference between 5G FR1 and FR2 Spectrum Bands? https://lnkd.in/dxTqFdC3 📃 5G mmWave Spectrum Notes https://lnkd.in/dWvcfkwU 📃Why is C-Band Spectrum Important for 5G? https://lnkd.in/dU--gnEK 📃 5G Spectrum Bands to Address New Use Cases https://lnkd.in/gXYgZCn 📃 What are the most common Sub 6 5G Spectrum Bands https://lnkd.in/dCy8xNTW 📸 EXFO #5G #Spectrum #FR1 #FR2 #mmWave

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Telecommunications company Ligga is set to improve bandwidth and accelerate 5G deployment in its territory. To do just that, the Brazilian telco is launching a proof of concept with smart luminaires by Omniflow® that will host small cells and also bring other business opportunities for the telco. In this video we interview Vitor Menezes, Director of Regulatory and Institutional Affairs at Ligga, and Pedro Ruão, CEO of Omniflow, to discuss the project, why Ligga chose this smart attachment instead of just a regular small cell, and what other sources of revenue this project could bring to the telco. Watch the full episode: https://lnkd.in/ew6xRNkS #5g #smartcities #connectivity #streetlighting

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Over time, more and more user devices (smartphones, tablets or IoT devices) join the radio access network (RAN). More bandwidth and traffic volume are required. To support this, the RAN needs to evolve over the long term. Let's start by understanding RAN architecture. Basic RAN structure A typical RAN consists of a set of base stations or radio transceiver equipment distributed over a geographical area to provide coverage and wireless communication capacity. Radio Access Network (RAN) components Base stations : Depending on the cellular technology used, base stations are often referred to as BTS (in 2G), NodeB (in 3G), eNodeB (in 4G), gNodeB (in 5G). The evolved NodeB (eNodeB) is different from the base stations used in previous generations (2G and 3G). The eNodeB is designed to deliver high-speed data services, low latency and improved spectral efficiency compared with previous generations. LTE uses all-IP (Internet Protocol), advanced antenna technologies such as MIMO (Multiple-Input Multiple-Output) and frequency bands below 6 GHz and above. eNodeB connects directly to the core network via Evolved Packet Core (EPC) , it also requires no controller entity. Controllers : Base Station Controller (BSC): The BSC is part of the RAN infrastructure of older-generation cellular networks (2G and 3G). It is responsible for controlling and managing several base transceiver stations (BTS) within its coverage area. He manages tasks such as call configuration, call transfer and resource allocation. Radio Network Controller (RNC): The RNC performs similar functions to the BSC, but with additional capabilities (such as call control, mobility management and radio resource management) specific to 3G network technology (UMTS/WCDMA).

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In my presentation, I examined the Brazilian 5G mobile network ecosystem and its challenges, particularly focusing on the role and potential of the Open RAN (Open Radio Access Network) technology. The presentation highlights the heterogeneous transport and cloud infrastructure in Brazil, with fiber networks concentrated in coastal regions, despite the country being well-connected. On the presentation, I explain why this presents a significant challenge for expanding 5G coverage to rural and remote areas. Also, the lack of coverage in these areas is a serious issue, emphasizing a large inequality between regions. The presentation notes that while Brazil has a good data center infrastructure, it is also concentrated in coastal regions, requiring efficient automation and orchestration of computational resources on multiple clouds for Open RAN deployments. The presentation also discusses the EMBRAPII CPQD Excellence Centre in Open RAN (EXCCON) and its role in consolidating the Open RAN ecosystem in Brazi, which focuses on developing competences in Open RAN through R&D projects focusing on the needs of the Brazilian ecosystem, including the challenge of automation and orchestrations for multi-cloud and multi-tenant scenarios, Open RAN components that are enablers for specific Brazilian use cases, and the creation of the South American OTIC. The presentation also explores the use of IAB (Integrated Access and Backhaul) integrated with Open RAN as an enabler for Connected Agriculture, aiming to extend coverage and enable remote sensing in rural and isolated areas. This approach aims to lower CAPEX and OPEX for rural deployments while mobilizing the Brazilian ecosystem and promoting new public policies. Fuad Abinader, Technology Development Specialist, CPQD For Fuad's full video presentation, click comment box! #subscribe Global 5G Evolution #youtube channel

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5G NR Physical layer (Simulation) :- 5G NR Channels/Signals include – ·       PDCCH ·       PBCH ·       PSS and SSS ·       PDSCH and its associated DM-RS and PT-RS ·       CSI-RS 1. Physical data control channel (PDCCH) :- conveys Downlink Control Information (DCI). It carries information such as scheduling and resource grant to UE. It includes one or more control channel elements (CCE, consists of 6 resource element group). CORESET, known as Control Resource Set, is a set of physical resources within a specific area in Downlink Resource Grid and used to carry PDCCH. A CORESET can span from symbol1 to 3 in the time domain. 2. Physical Broadcast Channel (PBCH) :- The PBCH carries part of the system information required by the UE to access the network. Together with the PSS and the SSS, it forms an SSB that is part of the initial access procedure. The PBCH contains its own DMRS. 3. Primary and Secondary Synchronization Signals (PSS & SSS) :- PSS and SSS are used for cell-search procedures and cell identification. PSS and SSS together carry the PCI. PSS sends one of three orthogonal sequences and SSS sends one of 336 binary sequences. Therefore, there are 1008 unique PCIs. Synchronization Signal Block (SSB) - The Synchronization Signal and PBCH block (SSB) consists of primary and secondary synchronization signals (PSS, SSS), each occupying 1 symbol and 127 subcarriers, and PBCH spanning across 3 OFDM symbols and 240 subcarriers, but on one symbol leaving an unused part in the middle for SSS. 4. Physical data shared channel (PDSCH) and associated DM-RS and PT-RS :- PDSCH carries user data. Demodulation reference signal (DMRS) is used for channel estimation and is UE specific. Phase tracking reference signal (PTRS) is configured for high bands and helps to compensate phase noise effects. 5. Channel State Information Reference Signal (CSI -RS) :- It is used for RSRP measurements in High-Band beam management and calculate CQI, PMI, Rank indicator and beamforming related data. Below is the demonstration of allocation of 5G NR resources. To understand 5G related concepts in more detail, refer to the comprehensive 5G course ( with special offer) at - https://lnkd.in/efENj4Fv #telecom #5g #technology #learning #platform #itelcotech https://lnkd.in/em7rtdw2

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7.67 billion yuan, 5G super order is coming An official announcement from the Brazilian Ministry of Communications showed that the Brazilian Ministry of Communications authorized Brazilian telecom network operators to issue incentive infrastructure bonds to raise 5.3 billion reais (approximately RMB 7.67069 billion) in the market for 5G networks and optical fiber Network expansion and construction. Relevant investments will be allocated to all 27 Brazilian federal units and are understood to include 5G networks, transmission networks, access network data centers, telecommunications network infrastructure and telecommunications network virtualization infrastructure. Brazil’s Minister of Communications said that without digital inclusiveness, Brazil will not achieve social inclusiveness. "Investment in the network in relevant regions brings alternative options to people, allowing this promising market to continue to grow and making our country more interconnected." He said.

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Key Differences Purpose: Events trigger specific measurement reports related to the radio environment, while L3 messages are used for overall signaling, connection setup, and control between the UE and the network.

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One of the unique advantages of #5G is supporting different #spectrum bands from Low, medium, and High to support different use cases from the high thorughput to the massive device footprint. 💡No One Spectrum Band fits all use cases! Coverage Vs. Capacity 📗 mmWave (High Frequency) and Medium Frequency (3.5GHz) can provide the needed bandwidth for high data rates, hot spot capacity, and complex use cases, However, the propagation characteristics prevent signals from these bands from penetrating deep indoors where they are needed. 📗 For indoor use cases, it's important to take the #coverage consideration and align this with the previous generations #2G, #3G, and #4G. 📸 Ericsson Network product solutions

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Gigantic MIMO (gMIMO) Gigantic MIMO (gMIMO), evolving from crucial Massive MIMO (mMIMO) technology in 5G, advances into 6G, especially in upper mid-band frequencies (7-24 GHz), aiming to meet ambitious performance targets despite limited new spectrum. ◾ Antenna Configuration: ▪ Gigantic Antenna Arrays: gMIMO employs significantly more antennas than typical 5G setups. At 15 GHz, base stations may require up to 18 times more antennas compared to those at 3.5 GHz. ▪ Compact Form Factor: Despite increased antenna numbers, compact sizes are maintained with shorter wavelengths. A 0.5m x 0.5m array fits 2304 antennas at 15 GHz. ◾ Beamforming and Spatial Multiplexing: ▪ Enhanced Beamforming: gMIMO enhances beamforming for improved spatial resolution and reduced interference, crucial for precise targeting in dense urban areas. ▪ Near-Field Effects: Utilizing near-field effects enables precise beam focusing, enhancing communication and localization from single base stations. ◾ Spectrum Efficiency: ▪ Balancing Bandwidth and Coverage: The upper mid-band, termed the "Golden Band" for 6G, balances bandwidth and propagation, less sensitive to beam misalignment than mmWave frequencies. ◾ Performance Goals: ▪ High Data Rates: 6G targets peak user data rates of 200 Gbps and guaranteed rates of 500 Mbps, leveraging gMIMO capabilities. ▪ Degrees of Freedom (DOF): gMIMO increases degrees of freedom, enabling more simultaneous connections and higher network capacity. ◾ Challenges and Future Research: ▪ Hardware and Cost: Developing affordable, energy-efficient hardware for numerous antennas and transceivers is challenging. Medium-resolution MIMO transceivers, possibly with machine learning, aim to optimize performance and cost. ▪ Channel Estimation: Efficient channel state information (CSI) acquisition is crucial for gMIMO's beamforming and spatial multiplexing, necessitating new methods to manage increased degrees of freedom (DOF) without excessive pilot overhead. ▪ Capacity Limits: Exploring theoretical limits and practical strategies for non-coherent MIMO systems with structured channels remains a key research area. The image illustrates the proposed transition to 6G using upper mid-band frequencies (7-24 GHz), focusing on new spectrum allocations and the IMT 2030 vision for different scenarios. Frequency Bands: 🔸 7.125-8.4 GHz: Envisioned for outdoor-indoor applications in urban and suburban areas, targeting high data rates and modest mobility requirements. 🔸 14.8-15.35 GHz: Primarily for dense urban areas to meet massive connectivity and high data rate needs with relatively low user mobility. 🔸 4.4-4.8 GHz: Requested by industrial stakeholders for extensive coverage and high mobility support in suburban and rural areas. Refrences: https://lnkd.in/ghwd9937 #6G #GiganticMIMO #WirelessTechnology #UpperMidBand #IMT2030 #Beamforming #SpatialResolution #FutureConnectivity #MIMO

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5G Radio Access Network (RAN) A radio access network (RAN) is a major component of a wireless telecommunications system that connects individual devices to other parts of a network through a radio link 》What components make up a RAN? A RAN is made up of three essential elements: 1) Antenna ▪︎It interfaces with cell phone wirelessly and transmits/receivers RF signals ▪︎It decides that shape of the coverage. 2) RRU (Remote Radio Unit) ▪︎Interface with antenna in one side and with BBU in the anther side ▪︎Convenes the RF signal into data signal and the vice versa ▪︎It does filtering and amplification of the RF signal ▪︎It decides the coverage of the power. 3) Baseband units (BBU) Provide a set of signal processing functions that make wireless communication possible. Traditional baseband uses custom electronics combined with multiple lines of code to enable wireless communication, typically using the licensed radio spectrum. 》How does a RAN work? A RAN provides access to and coordinates the management of resources across the radio sites. A handset or other device is wirelessly connected to the backbone, or core network, and the RAN sends its signal to various wireless endpoints so it can travel with traffic from other networks. 》Radio access network types ? 1) Open RAN is the hot topic in the access network world now adays . It involves developing interoperable open hardware, software and interfaces for cellular wireless networks that use white box servers and other standard equipment, rather than the custom-made hardware typically used in base stations. 2) C-RAN stands for Centralized RAN which separates the radio elements in a base station into remote radio heads (RRHs). These can be used atop the cell towers for the most efficient radio coverage. RRHs must be connected to centralized baseband controllers via fiber or microwave radio links. Most baseband processing uses standard white box servers. 3) V-RAN a virtual radio access network is a type of RAN with its networking functions separated from the hardware it runs on. The control and data planes of the vRAN are also separated as part of the virtualization, this type of RAN is heavily associated with 5G networks because the networks need virtualization to support the use cases and performance requirements of 5G. 》Global System for Mobile communications (GSM) RAN, or GRAN, was developed for 2G. 》GSM EDGE RAN, or GERAN is similar to GRAN, but it specifies the inclusion of Enhanced Data GSM Environment packet radio services. 》Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) Terrestrial RAN, or UTRAN, came about with 3G. 》Evolved Universal Terrestrial RAN, or E-UTRAN, is part of LTE. 》5G NR (New Radio) is a radio access technology relies on a fully coordinated, multi-layer network with low-band, mid-band and high-band to provide wireless connectivity to devices and deliver the best network performance.

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#NRF and #SCP are the main nodes to control the signaling and routing in the #5G Core besides the NFs Discovery function. 📗 3GPP Release 16 introduced #indirect communication with new modes of communication to SBAs. In contrast to the modes of communication specified in Release 15, where the service #consumer and #producer interact directly, the new modes of communication are indirect via a SCP that mediates messages between the service consumer and producer. 📗 NRF being part of the Signaling Domain, also acts as a data source for SCP, which builds routing rules based on NRF-supplied NF status. It is a #prerequisite for SCP, a key 5G Service Requests routing component that requires a real-time network-wide view of the Network Functions and services. This article summarizes the below items: 💡 Everything You Need To Know About NRF and SCP in The 5G Core 💡 What is NRF? 💡 What is SCP? 💡 What if There's No NRF in 5GC? 💡 What is the relation between NRF and SCP? https://lnkd.in/d8JweHvD Enjoy Reading :) #5G #5GCore #SBA #NRF #SCP #Signaling #Routing

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(ANATEL) The Agência Nacional de Telecomunicações in Brazil has opened a new consultation: PUBLIC CONSULTATION Nº 51: "Proposal for Public Consultation to update the Technical Requirements for the Conformity Assessment of Restricted Radiation Radiocommunication Equipment, approved by Act No. 14448, of December 4, 2017, with the aim of including new technologies in its scope and aligning with internationally adopted standards and regulations." The deadline to receive the comments is December 29, 2024. https://lnkd.in/dZVX4MdZ #TypeApproval #homologation #Quality #RegulatoryCompliance #TeamWork #Certification #MarketAccess #CustomerSatisfaction #productCertification #ANATEL #Brazil

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