Vidy Potdar

In the industrial sector of the smart grid (SG), a demand response program (DRP) is offered to consumers to motivate them to shift their demand for electricity to the off-peak period. DRP can cause a dilemma for industrial consumers when energy load is decreased since it may disrupt the production process and they may consequently incur losses. Hence, industrial units may choose to accept or reject a DRP. If they choose to engage in a DRP, they may use the available backup on-site energy… Show more

In the industrial sector of the smart grid (SG), a demand response program (DRP) is offered to consumers to motivate them to shift their demand for electricity to the off-peak period. DRP can cause a dilemma for industrial consumers when energy load is decreased since it may disrupt the production process and they may consequently incur losses. Hence, industrial units may choose to accept or reject a DRP. If they choose to engage in a DRP, they may use the available backup on-site energy resources to access the required amount of energy. Hence, any decision about load curtailment requires a comprehensive assessment of all layers of production and operational management. This paper utilises several methodologies to evaluate the effects of DRP engagement on operational management. Firstly, the Delphi method is employed for extracting and identifying twenty-six criteria embedded in ten operational and production management factors. Secondly, based on these criteria, the production equipment is ranked using the TOPSIS method. This ranking shows which equipment will have less impact on the organisation’s profit as a result of participating in a DRP; but, it will not support production and energy planning which is affected by DRP engagement. So, thirdly, a linear programming (LP) model in a discrete scheduling time horizon is proposed which considers the TOPSIS method output and all the constraints imposed by the DRP and the production resources. Finally, based on the proposed methodology, a decision-making algorithm is designed to assist the operation and energy managers to decide whether to accept or reject the offer to engage in a DRP and if they decide to participate, how to best utilize the available distributed energy resources to regain the energy lost. The main contribution of this paper is the proposed methodology which combines the outcome of the Delphi and TOPSIS methods with a linear optimisation model, the effectiveness of which is clearly demonstrated by.... Show less

The purpose of this paper is to develop and empirically test a process model (comprising of seven dimensions), for identifying online customer engagement patterns leading to a recommendation. These seven dimensions are communication, interaction, experience, satisfaction, continued involvement, bonding, and recommendation. Twenty two unique engagement were identified, out of which nine patterns resulted in recommendation/advocacy. Engagement pattern communication-interaction-recommendation was… Show more

The purpose of this paper is to develop and empirically test a process model (comprising of seven dimensions), for identifying online customer engagement patterns leading to a recommendation. These seven dimensions are communication, interaction, experience, satisfaction, continued involvement, bonding, and recommendation. Twenty two unique engagement were identified, out of which nine patterns resulted in recommendation/advocacy. Engagement pattern communication-interaction-recommendation was the fastest route to a recommendation. The findings will guide e-marketers on how to best engage with customers to enhance brand loyalty and continuously be in touch with their clients. The work is interesting because the empirical study found that customers travel in multiple different ways through this process. It is significant because it changes the way the authors understand patterns of online customer engagement. #BehaviourChange #Ethnography #Brands #SocialNetworkAnalysis #CustomerRelationshipManagement #CRM #BrandEngagement #SocialNetworking #BusinessInnovation #CustomerEngagementEimensions #CustomerEngagementPatterns Show less

Urban areas suffer from tremendous pressure to cope with increasing population in a city. A smart city is a technological solution that integrates engineering and information systems to assist in managing these scarce resources. A smart city comprises several intelligent services such as smart grids, smart education, smart transportation, smart buildings, smart waste management and so on. Among all these, smart grids are the nucleus of all the facilities because these provide sustainable… Show more

Urban areas suffer from tremendous pressure to cope with increasing population in a city. A smart city is a technological solution that integrates engineering and information systems to assist in managing these scarce resources. A smart city comprises several intelligent services such as smart grids, smart education, smart transportation, smart buildings, smart waste management and so on. Among all these, smart grids are the nucleus of all the facilities because these provide sustainable electrical supply for other smart services to operate seamlessly. Smart grids integrate information and communication technologies (ICT) into traditional energy grids, thereby capturing massive amounts of data from several devices like smart meters, sensors, and other electrical infrastructures. The data collected in smart grids are heterogeneous and require data analytic techniques to extract meaningful information to make informed decisions. We term this enormous amount of data as big energy data. This book chapter discusses progress in the field of big energy data by enlisting different studies that cover several data management aspects such as data collection, data preprocessing, data integration, data storage, data analytics, data visualisation and decision-making. We also discuss various challenges in data management and report recent progress in this field. Finally, we present open research areas in big data management especially in relation to smart grids. Show less

The smart grid regulators and retailers generally have a legally binding contract on purchasing energy from prosumers (energy producers). A hefty portion of them incorporate incentives strategies for energy effectiveness in their legal contract. In the event that the prosumers that supply energy meet or go past its objective, they will get a financial motivation, regularly an extent of the investment funds in energy rate that customers get. On the off chance that it misses the mark regarding… Show more

The smart grid regulators and retailers generally have a legally binding contract on purchasing energy from prosumers (energy producers). A hefty portion of them incorporate incentives strategies for energy effectiveness in their legal contract. In the event that the prosumers that supply energy meet or go past its objective, they will get a financial motivation, regularly an extent of the investment funds in energy rate that customers get. On the off chance that it misses the mark regarding the objective, it might be liable to a punishment. Thus, smart grid regulators reward well-performed prosumers or prosumer community groups using money earned from penalized poorly performed prosumers or prosumer community groups. Dissemination of punishments (penalties) assumes an essential part in prosumers. This can prompt fortifying existing non-dynamic energy sharing prosumers to end up dynamic prosumers. This paper proposes a performance-based penalty function technique that decidedly influences the way of the prosumers’ state of mind, along these lines bringing about a predictable energy sharing conduct. Show less

With evolving technologies, a way of learning is broaden with availability of open teaching and learning materials. Educators and learners often find relevant resources that can assist them in their respective teaching and learning activities; however, most of the time they are bombarded with redundant and/or low-quality information sources via search engines. In the context of personalised teaching and learning, this becomes even more challenging as the educators and learners are looking for… Show more

With evolving technologies, a way of learning is broaden with availability of open teaching and learning materials. Educators and learners often find relevant resources that can assist them in their respective teaching and learning activities; however, most of the time they are bombarded with redundant and/or low-quality information sources via search engines. In the context of personalised teaching and learning, this becomes even more challenging as the educators and learners are looking for specific resources, for specific concepts, and for specific domain of interest. To add to this complexity, the emergence of Big Data is making the situation even worse as new information is emerging on the web every day; hence, the need for a system assisting in this is becoming more prominent. In this paper, we propose an efficient method to identify suitable teaching and learning resources in order to promote individual learning process. As the text or web data for presenting teaching and learning preferences for educators and learners is imprecise, inconsistent, and non-consensual, the smart learning system has potential to be developed based on fuzzy ontology and fuzzy recommendation engine which can address the uncertain and subjective judgments in determining teaching and learning material and evaluating multiple intelligence. We present research direction towards smart learning using fuzzy systems. Show less

Millions of devices equipped with sensors are connected together to communicate with each other in order to collect and exchange data. The phenomenon of daily life objects that are interconnected through a worldwide network is known as the Internet of Things (IoT) or Internet of Objects. These sensors from a large number of devices or objects simultaneously and continuingly generate a huge amount of data, often referred to as Big Data. Handling this vast volume, and different varieties, of data… Show more

Millions of devices equipped with sensors are connected together to communicate with each other in order to collect and exchange data. The phenomenon of daily life objects that are interconnected through a worldwide network is known as the Internet of Things (IoT) or Internet of Objects. These sensors from a large number of devices or objects simultaneously and continuingly generate a huge amount of data, often referred to as Big Data. Handling this vast volume, and different varieties, of data imposes significant challenges when time, resources, and processing capabilities are constrained. Hence, Big Data analytics become even more challenging for data collected via the IoT. In this chapter, we discuss the challenges pertaining to Big Data in IoT; these challenges are associated with data management, data processing, unstructured data analytics, data visualization, interoperability, data semantics, scalability, data fusion, data integration, data quality, and data discovery. We present these challenges along with relevant solutions. Show less

This paper proposes the critical themes associated with the evaluation of software business sustainability. The whole dimension of software business sustainability has been theorized into twelve elements that unfold covering the whole spectrum of software business sustainability. The twelve elements of software business sustainability include aspects such as product, process, practices, policies, people, peripherals, partners, place and profit model. The paper justifies the use of these twelve… Show more

This paper proposes the critical themes associated with the evaluation of software business sustainability. The whole dimension of software business sustainability has been theorized into twelve elements that unfold covering the whole spectrum of software business sustainability. The twelve elements of software business sustainability include aspects such as product, process, practices, policies, people, peripherals, partners, place and profit model. The paper justifies the use of these twelve elements in ensuring sustainability in software businesses, by incorporating the case of multinational software businesses as example. This study needs to be looked as an exploratory investigation into the elements of software business sustainability lending viability towards modelling the software businesses using these twelve elements. Show less

This paper reports a state of the art literature survey undertaken on innovative e-learning business models. A review of existing business models of e-learning providers is undertaken. Three business model classification approaches for e-learning businesses are adapted for the evaluation. The e-learning business models are classified into three main categories namely managerial classification, service oriented classification and economic classification. We have then classified the literature in… Show more

This paper reports a state of the art literature survey undertaken on innovative e-learning business models. A review of existing business models of e-learning providers is undertaken. Three business model classification approaches for e-learning businesses are adapted for the evaluation. The e-learning business models are classified into three main categories namely managerial classification, service oriented classification and economic classification. We have then classified the literature in this line and present a priori framework developed for evaluating the e-Learning business enterprises. The research concludes with a summary of classification approaches available in the existing e-learning business domain.
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Sustainability of ICT businesses is a timely topic in the context of the rapidly changing macro-environmental market conditions. This paper documents research that has been undertaken to define the term business sustainability by analyzing multiple definitions proposed in the existing literature. The definitions of business sustainability have undergone a process of abstractive decomposition which decomposes the definition into pieces and then constructs a new definition from the pool of… Show more

Sustainability of ICT businesses is a timely topic in the context of the rapidly changing macro-environmental market conditions. This paper documents research that has been undertaken to define the term business sustainability by analyzing multiple definitions proposed in the existing literature. The definitions of business sustainability have undergone a process of abstractive decomposition which decomposes the definition into pieces and then constructs a new definition from the pool of decomposed phrases. Business sustainability is a multifaceted concept with different emerging perspectives that can be achieved through the concentrated efforts on organizational activities and processes. The outcomes of business sustainability could benefit both the organization as well as the environment. Well defined production methods, architectural strategy and the organizational commitment towards technological support are paramount for ensuring business sustainability. This study’s significance is the contribution of a newer and comprehensive version of the definition the term business sustainability. The main conceptual contribution of this paper is its holistic presentation of the concept of business sustainability with contextual relevance to the ICT sector. Show less

This paper analyses published literature to determine the organizational responsibilities towards business sustainability. Over two hundred published research papers in this space have been subjected to content analysis using NVivo qualitative analysis tool. The results reveal that there are three major types of responsibilities namely social responsibilities, environmental responsibilities and the role based responsibilities which the organizations have in terms of ensuring corporate… Show more

This paper analyses published literature to determine the organizational responsibilities towards business sustainability. Over two hundred published research papers in this space have been subjected to content analysis using NVivo qualitative analysis tool. The results reveal that there are three major types of responsibilities namely social responsibilities, environmental responsibilities and the role based responsibilities which the organizations have in terms of ensuring corporate sustainability. These responsibilities have been found to be effectively achieved through effective corporate sustainability reporting practices, policy level concerns backed by values and principles, coordination of consumer inputs, ensuring stakeholder understanding about their roles and responsibilities and effective risk management backed by proper definition of roles and responsibilities. A number of conclusions along with implications for practice have been derived as the outcome of the documented research. Show less

This paper analyses published literature to determine the organizational responsibilities towards business sustainability. Over two hundred published research papers in this space have been subjected to content analysis using NVivo qualitative analysis tool. The results reveal that there are three major types of responsibilities namely social responsibilities, environmental responsibilities and the role based responsibilities which the organizations have in terms of ensuring corporate… Show more

This paper analyses published literature to determine the organizational responsibilities towards business sustainability. Over two hundred published research papers in this space have been subjected to content analysis using NVivo qualitative analysis tool. The results reveal that there are three major types of responsibilities namely social responsibilities, environmental responsibilities and the role based responsibilities which the organizations have in terms of ensuring corporate sustainability. These responsibilities have been found to be effectively achieved through effective corporate sustainability reporting practices, policy level concerns backed by values and principles, coordination of consumer inputs, ensuring stakeholder understanding about their roles and responsibilities and effective risk management backed by proper definition of roles and responsibilities. A number of conclusions along with implications for practice have been derived as the outcome of the documented research. Show less

This paper surveys the Western Australian Software Businesses. A literature survey of Australian software firms has been done. Documented studies on Australian software businesses includes themes such as quality management systems, knowledge intensive service activities, requirement engineering practices, software testing practices, knowledge management practices and project management practices. The web content analysis shows that there are around 334 western Australian software businesses… Show more

This paper surveys the Western Australian Software Businesses. A literature survey of Australian software firms has been done. Documented studies on Australian software businesses includes themes such as quality management systems, knowledge intensive service activities, requirement engineering practices, software testing practices, knowledge management practices and project management practices. The web content analysis shows that there are around 334 western Australian software businesses that have a web presence. Amongst this there are around 285 project based companies and 49 product based companies which are widespread across twenty towns in the Western Australian state. The key business aspects which are primarily important for the success of Western Australian software businesses are identified as the geographic distribution, human resources structure, business incubation and vendor orientation. Finally we are outlining a number of implications for Western Australian Software businesses to boost their businesses in the forthcoming years. Show less

This paper aims to formulate a number of research questions based on a literature survey. A critical review of literature has been undertaken to evaluate the existing business sustainability frameworks. Business Sustainability frameworks from a number of domains such as manufacturing, e-learning, agriculture, bioenergy and Information technology has been reviewed. The knowledge gap in this space has been clearly outlined and a number of research questions were derived from this discussion… Show more

This paper aims to formulate a number of research questions based on a literature survey. A critical review of literature has been undertaken to evaluate the existing business sustainability frameworks. Business Sustainability frameworks from a number of domains such as manufacturing, e-learning, agriculture, bioenergy and Information technology has been reviewed. The knowledge gap in this space has been clearly outlined and a number of research questions were derived from this discussion. Based upon this review a framework will be proposed using the inputs from the existing literature. The proposed framework will be validated by interviewing domain experts. Once validated the framework would be applied to two different ICT businesses either from Australia or overseas. This will be a case study based research where the two ICT companies will be assessed using the proposed framework and the results from this case study will be used to draw generalized conclusions related to the sustainability of ICT businesses. Show less

This paper documents waste management strategies used by Indian Software Development firms. Indian software development giants' corporate sustainability reports were subjected to content analysis using Nvivo qualitative analysis tool. The content analysis reveals that there are a number of waste types such as e-waste, waste water, recycling waste, construction waste, hazardous waste, solid waste, organic waste, packaging waste, paper waste, wet waste, plastic waste, food waste, dry waste… Show more

This paper documents waste management strategies used by Indian Software Development firms. Indian software development giants' corporate sustainability reports were subjected to content analysis using Nvivo qualitative analysis tool. The content analysis reveals that there are a number of waste types such as e-waste, waste water, recycling waste, construction waste, hazardous waste, solid waste, organic waste, packaging waste, paper waste, wet waste, plastic waste, food waste, dry waste, consumer waste, biomedical waste and biodegradable waste which are recorded in the sustainability reports of Indian software development firms. The key implications includes the usage of government authorized recyclers and other government supported initiatives to support the e-waste recycling and disposal, due-diligence audit process for e-waste dismantlers and recyclers to verify their HSE legal compliances and government regulations pertaining to e-waste management and other specific guidelines to assist in waste management. The paper highlights a number of key waste management strategies and tactics used by Indian software development firms which could be used by the software development organizations around the world as best practices. Show less

Smart grid has opened up a new role of “prosumer” in an energy value network, transforming many conventional energy consumers into prosumers, who not only generate green energy but also share the surplus with utilities and other consumers. The concept of a goal-oriented prosumer community group (PCG) has emerged recently as an effective way to fulfill sustainable energy exchange. Such community-based energy sharing networks comprise multiple irreconcilable objectives such as demand constraints,… Show more

Smart grid has opened up a new role of “prosumer” in an energy value network, transforming many conventional energy consumers into prosumers, who not only generate green energy but also share the surplus with utilities and other consumers. The concept of a goal-oriented prosumer community group (PCG) has emerged recently as an effective way to fulfill sustainable energy exchange. Such community-based energy sharing networks comprise multiple irreconcilable objectives such as demand constraints, cost constraints, and income maximization. In many cases, one goal may be achievable only at the expense of other goals. This necessitates the development of an effective framework to manage the multiple goals and reduce the gap with their achievement levels. Therefore, in this research paper, an effective framework is developed to negotiate among the multiple goals and thus to define optimal mutual goals for each PCG in a more sustainable manner using multiple-criteria goal programming techniques. Simulation results are presented to illustrate how the methods work in practical situations, where each of the objective measure is given a target value and the unwanted deviations from this set are minimized in an achievement function. Show less

This paper reports the findings of a text analysis of the corporate sustainability reports of eleven large scale Indian Software Development Businesses for the period of 2012 to 2014. The results shows that there are twenty two reported components of software development sustainability namely green buildings, green energy, green factory, green data centres, green infrastructure, green initiatives, green innovation, green packaging, green portfolio, green power, green practices, green… Show more

This paper reports the findings of a text analysis of the corporate sustainability reports of eleven large scale Indian Software Development Businesses for the period of 2012 to 2014. The results shows that there are twenty two reported components of software development sustainability namely green buildings, green energy, green factory, green data centres, green infrastructure, green initiatives, green innovation, green packaging, green portfolio, green power, green practices, green procurement, green products, green program, green rating, green solutions, green space, green team, green tech and green supply chain which are addressed in the published reports of Indian software development businesses. The reports were further analysed to infer some knowledge on how the software development companies could contribute to green environment and the possible environmental impacts of these contributions. Finally a number of generalised conclusions were derived and followed by a set of implications for best practices in green software development as the outcome of the research reported in this paper. Show less

Traceability in food supply chain has been an area of interest due to the challenges associated the nature of the food supply chain with short code date, high safety and risk associated with quality. With the introduction of EU Regulation 178/2002 to have mandatory traceability for food supply without defined structure of product or process to be traced makes the level of traceability a vulnerable aspect across the supply chain. The level of traceability is strongly associated with the… Show more

Traceability in food supply chain has been an area of interest due to the challenges associated the nature of the food supply chain with short code date, high safety and risk associated with quality. With the introduction of EU Regulation 178/2002 to have mandatory traceability for food supply without defined structure of product or process to be traced makes the level of traceability a vulnerable aspect across the supply chain. The level of traceability is strongly associated with the resources required to trace & track and the supplier buyer relationship, which would help to implement an effective traceability systemThe objective of the study is to understand the interrelationship between the level of traceability (breadth, depth and quality of information) and the resources required (technology, financial and human) in achieving the given level of traceability and contribution of supplier-buyer relationship on the supply chain traceability performance using a case study based approach.

The study shows as the dairy products are split into individual unit for the retail stores and not associating the batch number to the product movement from the distribution center to the retailers would create the critical traceability point where the product's flow of information could be lost. The other important finding shows that the effective uniform tracking and tracing system would help in efficiency gain by reducing the product receiving time approximately from 4 hours to 20 minutes, which can reduce in humanly efforts at this stage and may help in achieving huge cost savings. Show less

In Wireless sensor networks (WSNs), All communications between different nodes are sent out in a broadcast fashion. These networks are used in a variety of applications including military, environmental, and smart spaces. Sensors are susceptible to various types of attack, such as data modification, data insertion and deletion, or even physical capture and sensor replacement. Hence security becomes important issue in WSNs. However given the fact that sensors are resources constrained, hence the… Show more

In Wireless sensor networks (WSNs), All communications between different nodes are sent out in a broadcast fashion. These networks are used in a variety of applications including military, environmental, and smart spaces. Sensors are susceptible to various types of attack, such as data modification, data insertion and deletion, or even physical capture and sensor replacement. Hence security becomes important issue in WSNs. However given the fact that sensors are resources constrained, hence the traditional intensive security algorithms are not well suited for WSNs. This makes traditional security techniques, based on data encryption, not very suitable for WSNs. This paper proposes Linear Kolmogorov watermarking technique for secure data communication in WSNs. We provide a security analysis to show the robustness of the proposed techniques against various types of attacks. This technique is robust against data deletion, packet replication and Sybil attacks Show less

Energy demand is continually rising, worldwide. Most of the current demand is met by non-renewable energy sources, like coal, petroleum, and natural gas. However, currently, society is faced with the problem of dwindling and scarce non-renewable energy resources, resulting in a shortage of energy. Moreover, the process of energy production from non-renewable sources is increasing greenhouse gas emissions, leading to unpleasant and potentially dangerous climatic changes. Therefore, in today?s… Show more

Energy demand is continually rising, worldwide. Most of the current demand is met by non-renewable energy sources, like coal, petroleum, and natural gas. However, currently, society is faced with the problem of dwindling and scarce non-renewable energy resources, resulting in a shortage of energy. Moreover, the process of energy production from non-renewable sources is increasing greenhouse gas emissions, leading to unpleasant and potentially dangerous climatic changes. Therefore, in today?s world, the focus is on inducing users to reduce their household energy consumption, and shift to using energy produced from renewable sources, such as solar, water, and wind. Not only this, but users are being encouraged to generate the green energy, and to either store the surplus for future usage or to feed it back into the utility grid. In order to evolve such bidirectional energy and information flow, the concept of the smart-grid has been proposed [1]. Show less

In the context of energy generation and distribution networks, the emergence of smart grids has enabled bidirectional energy as well as information flow between energy users and utility grids, transforming traditional energy consumers into economically motivated prosumers, who not just consume energy but also generate green energy, and share the surplus with the main utility grid. Several studies have been carried out to manage the prosumers, and the concept of Prosumer–Community Groups… Show more

In the context of energy generation and distribution networks, the emergence of smart grids has enabled bidirectional energy as well as information flow between energy users and utility grids, transforming traditional energy consumers into economically motivated prosumers, who not just consume energy but also generate green energy, and share the surplus with the main utility grid. Several studies have been carried out to manage the prosumers, and the concept of Prosumer–Community Groups (PCG) has provided a promising approach to achieve that end. However, this concept is still in its infancy and the related aspects have not been comprehensively studied so far. Therefore, in this research paper, we address the formation of PCG. The proposed framework classifies the prosumers' energy–sharing behaviours, while detecting the outliers, and characterises PCG. Further, we also demonstrate the practical functionality of the proposed framework using a prosumer data set.
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Online spam is a new way of spamming, using Web 2.0 applications as platforms. It can easily proliferate in spite of the first layer of security being in place, such as detection and prevention software, because of lack of awareness and knowledge on the part of the Internet users. It not only creates nuisance for the Internet users, it may also lead to bigger problems, like cybercrime involving hacking, phishing, etc. This paper presents the descriptive analysis of a web-based survey… Show more

Online spam is a new way of spamming, using Web 2.0 applications as platforms. It can easily proliferate in spite of the first layer of security being in place, such as detection and prevention software, because of lack of awareness and knowledge on the part of the Internet users. It not only creates nuisance for the Internet users, it may also lead to bigger problems, like cybercrime involving hacking, phishing, etc. This paper presents the descriptive analysis of a web-based survey, conducted on 368 Internet users on their awareness, knowledge and perception of online spam. The purpose of the survey was to gauge the Internet users' awareness and knowledge of online spam, and investigate their perception of different aspects of the problem. To the best of our knowledge, it was the first survey conducted to highlight and investigate the issues involving online spam and, as such, the paper is a unique and pioneering contribution in the field. Show less

RFID has very huge potential in today's social and business developments. RFID-based identification is an example of emerging technology which requires authentication Security and Privacy are one of the important issues in the design of practical RFID protocols. In this paper, we focus on RFID authentication protocol RFID mutual authentication is used to ensure that only an authorized RFID reader can access the data of RFID tag while the RFID tag is confirmed that it releases data to… Show more

RFID has very huge potential in today's social and business developments. RFID-based identification is an example of emerging technology which requires authentication Security and Privacy are one of the important issues in the design of practical RFID protocols. In this paper, we focus on RFID authentication protocol RFID mutual authentication is used to ensure that only an authorized RFID reader can access the data of RFID tag while the RFID tag is confirmed that it releases data to the authenticated RFID reader. In this paper, we will propose two mutual authentication protocols for RFID tags: server-based authentication protocol and serverless authentication protocol. The two protocols both enable RFID reader and tag to carry out the authentication based on their synchronized secret information. In the first protocol based on a server, the synchronized secret information will be monitored by a component of the database server. In the second protocol without a server, mutual authentication does not need to rely on a back-end database. It enables RFID tags to be anonymous to RFID reader so that privacy can be preserved. © 2013 CRL Publishing Ltd. Show less

The transport protocols for Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) play vital role in achieving the high performance together with longevity of the network. The researchers are continuously contributing in developing new transport layer protocols based on different principles and architectures enabling different combinations of technical features. The uniqueness of each new protocol more or less lies in these functional features, which can be commonly classified based on their proficiencies in… Show more

The transport protocols for Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) play vital role in achieving the high performance together with longevity of the network. The researchers are continuously contributing in developing new transport layer protocols based on different principles and architectures enabling different combinations of technical features. The uniqueness of each new protocol more or less lies in these functional features, which can be commonly classified based on their proficiencies in fulfilling congestion control, reliability support, and prioritization. The performance of these protocols has been evaluated using dissimilar set of experimental/simulation parameters, thus there is no well defined benchmark for experimental/simulation settings. The researchers working in this area have to compare the performance of the new protocol with the existing protocols to prove that new protocol is better. However, one of the major challenges faced by the researchers is investigating the performance of all the existing protocols, which have been tested in different simulation environments. This leads the significance of having a well-defined benchmark for the experimental/simulation settings. If the future researchers simulate their protocols according to a standard set of simulation/experimental settings, the performance of those protocols can be directly compared with each other just using the published simulation results. This article offers a twofold contribution to support researchers working in the area of WSN transport protocol design. First, we extensively review the technical features of existing transport protocols and suggest a generic framework for a WSN transport protocol, which offers a strong groundwork for the new researchers to identify the open research issues. Second we analyse the experimental settings, focused application areas and the addressed performance criteria of existing protocols; thus suggest a benchmark of experimental/simulation settings...... Show less

Smart grids have created an emerging entity of “prosumer” in the energy value network who not only consumes energy but also generates and shares the green energy with the utility grid. Hence, effective management of prosumers has become pivotal to ensure a long-term, sustainable energy-sharing process. Recently, the concept of a Prosumer Community Group (PCG) has emerged as one of the most promising and effective ways to manage prosumers. However, developing sustainable PCGs is challenging. One… Show more

Smart grids have created an emerging entity of “prosumer” in the energy value network who not only consumes energy but also generates and shares the green energy with the utility grid. Hence, effective management of prosumers has become pivotal to ensure a long-term, sustainable energy-sharing process. Recently, the concept of a Prosumer Community Group (PCG) has emerged as one of the most promising and effective ways to manage prosumers. However, developing sustainable PCGs is challenging. One of the key challenges in this regard is to assess the contribution made by individual prosumers of a PCG, and find a subset of the most influential prosumers whose behavior would facilitate the long-term sustainability of the PCG. In this paper, we have focused on this challenge and proposed an innovative methodology to assess and rank the prosumers, in order to build an influential membership base. We have assessed the long-term and short-term energy behaviors of prosumers based on multiple evaluation criteria and accordingly decided the ranks of the prosumers, whereby the higher ranked prosumers are deemed to be more influential in enhancing the long-term sustenance of the PCG. Furthermore, we have presented simulation results to verify our proposed methodology. The current literature on smart-grid research field has no work investigating this challenge, making our contribution novel. Show less

The power supply network, Smart Grid, is one of the most critical infrastructures which help to realize the vision of Smart Cities. Smart Grids can provide a reliable and quality power supply with high efficiency. However, the demand for electricity fluctuates throughout the day, and this variable demand creates power instability leading to an unreliable power supply. The inherent difficulties can be addressed to a certain extent with demand-side management (DSM) that can play a vital role in… Show more

The power supply network, Smart Grid, is one of the most critical infrastructures which help to realize the vision of Smart Cities. Smart Grids can provide a reliable and quality power supply with high efficiency. However, the demand for electricity fluctuates throughout the day, and this variable demand creates power instability leading to an unreliable power supply. The inherent difficulties can be addressed to a certain extent with demand-side management (DSM) that can play a vital role in managing the demand in Smart Grids and Microgrids, by implementing dynamic pricing using Smart Meters. This chapter reviews relevant challenges and recent developments in the area of dynamic electricity pricing by investigating the following pricing mechanisms: Time-of-Use Pricing, Real-Time Pricing, Critical Peak Pricing, Day-Ahead Pricing, Cost Reflective Pricing, Seasonal Pricing, and Peak Time Rebate Pricing. We also discuss four real-world case studies of different pricing mechanisms adopted in various parts of the world. This chapter concludes with suggestions for future research opportunities in this field. Show less

Oil prices and increased carbon emissions are two of the key issues affecting mainstream transportation globally. Hence, EVs (Electric Vehicles) are becoming popular as they do not depend on oil, and the GHG (Greenhouse Gases) do not contribute to GHG emissions. In fact, their integration with smart grids makes them even more attractive. Although EV adoption is becoming widespread, three groups of challenges need to be addressed. These challenges are associated with EV technology adoption… Show more

Oil prices and increased carbon emissions are two of the key issues affecting mainstream transportation globally. Hence, EVs (Electric Vehicles) are becoming popular as they do not depend on oil, and the GHG (Greenhouse Gases) do not contribute to GHG emissions. In fact, their integration with smart grids makes them even more attractive. Although EV adoption is becoming widespread, three groups of challenges need to be addressed. These challenges are associated with EV technology adoption, integration of EVs and smart grids, and the supply chain of EV raw materials. Regarding the EV technology adoption, the risks and challenges include EV battery capacity, drivers’ range anxiety, the impact of auxiliary loads, EV drivers’ behavior, EV owners’ unwillingness to participate in the V2G (Vehicle-to-Grid) program, economic barriers to adopting EVs, difficult EV maintenance, EV performance mismatch between the lab and the real world, need for government regulation, lack of charging infrastructure such as not enough charging stations, and expensive batteries. There are additional challenges concerning the integration with the smart grids such as system overload, high-cost investment in V2G technology, load mismatch, and unmanaged recharging of EV batteries. Finally, there are challenges regarding the consistent supply of the raw materials needed for EVs. This chapter examines these risks and challenges, suggests solutions and provides recommendations for future research. Show less

Spam 2.0 is defined as the propagation of unsolicited, anonymous, mass content to infiltrate legitimate Web 2.0 applications. A fake eye-catching profile in social networking websites, a promotional review, a response to a thread in online forums with unsolicited content, or a manipulated Wiki page are examples of Spam 2.0. In this paper, the authors provide a comprehensive survey of the state-of-the-art, detectionbased, prevention-based and early-detection-based Spam 2.0 filtering methods.